2011-08-23 14:10:2011 09:06 lab xenopus_anatomy XAO v2.0 update VG Ponferrada, CH James-Zorn, E Segerdell, W Dahdul Sep 2011 Drafted by E Segerdell, JB Bowes, N Pollet, and PD Vize BMC Dev Biol. 2008 Sep 25;p.8-92 (PMID:18817563) Anatomical Site slim Frequently Used Anatomy slim Organism View slim Sectional Anatomy Item slim xenopus_anatomy This is an OWL translation of an ontology whose native representational form is .obo. The translation was performed using the oboInOwl xslt library. For details, see http://www.berkeleybop.org/obo-conv.cgi Xenopus anatomical entity xenopus_anatomy ectoderm Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. OMD:ectoderm http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_ectoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000137 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000137 fin Surface structure that has an important role in tadpole locomotion. It starts to develop along the trunk and tail of the embryo at the tail bud stage and continues to grow until the start of metamorphosis when it begins to regress. It consists of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure by a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix. PMID:15188431 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15188431 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010374 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010374 outer fin xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010380 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010380 inner fin xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010379 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010379 olfactory placode A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. NLM:olfactory+placode http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_olfactory+placode nasal placode xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011076 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011076 otic vesicle The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops. UBERON:0003051 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0003051 ear vesicle ear xenopus_anatomy XAO:0000184 AAO:0011080 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011080 lower eyelid xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010349 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010349 lens Transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. WIKI:Lens_(anatomy) http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Lens_(anatomy) xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010348 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010348 retina Sensory membrane that lines the posterior chamber of the eye and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals which reach the brain by way of the optic nerve. NLM:retina http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_retina xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010352 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010352 brain Organ that is a component of the central nervous system and is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses. It appears when the neural tube segregates in forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain at NF stage 22. The general pattern of the brain has been mainly established at NF stage 28. Yolky material is consumed and the fibre tracts and later the commissures develop. In general all of its parts are well developed at NF stage 53 and later development consists mainly of growth and some further cytological differentiation. In the period of metamorphosis only topographical changes take place. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 OMD:brain http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_brain xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010478 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010478 forebrain The part of the brain that is the anterior of its three primary divisions and that includes the telencephalon and diencephalon. NLM:forebrain http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_forebrain prosencephalon xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010147 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010147 telencephalon Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. AAO:0010479 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010479 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010479 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010479 diencephalon The more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye vescile, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis). XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010481 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010481 midbrain Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region. AAO:0010149 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010149 mesencephalon xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010149 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010149 hindbrain The part of the brain that is the posterior of its three primary divisions. NLM:hindbrain http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_hindbrain rhombencephalon xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010150 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010150 midbrain-hindbrain boundary The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. GO:0021555 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0021555 MHB isthmus xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011064 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011064 hypophysis An endocrine gland, located ventral to the diencephalon, that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. UBERON:0000007 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0000007 pituitary gland xenopus_anatomy XAO:0000161 ZFA:0000118 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000118 genital ridge Portion of tissue that is the precursor to the gonads. WIKI:Gonadal_ridge http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Gonadal_ridge xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011047 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011047 spinal cord Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge. OMD:spinal+cord http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_spinal+cord xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010151 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010151 ventricular zone xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011112 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011112 roof plate Organizing center located at the dorsal midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, controlling the specification and differentiation of dorsal neuronal cell types. PMID:15378040 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15378040 spinal cord roof roofplate xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011097 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011097 skin Surface structure that consists of the external membranous integument of the animal. OMD:skin http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_skin integument xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000239 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000239 mandibular crest xenopus_anatomy hyoid crest hyoid neural crest xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0007065 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0007065 branchial crest The most posterior of the population of migratory cells of the cranial neural crest, forming the branchial arch 3 and 4. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy cranial ganglion Ganglion that is located in the head. ZFA:0000013 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000013 cranial ganglia xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000013 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000013 epidermis The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast. AAO:0000143 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000143 skin xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000143 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000143 epidermis outer layer The outermost layer of the epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator epidermis epithelial layer periderm xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001185 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001185 vitelline membrane Thin membrane enclosing and immediately adjacent to the ovum. Produced in the ovary. The membrane enveloping the egg or oocyte; lies immediately outside the plasmalemma; formed while the oocyte is in the ovary; separates from the egg to form the fertilization membrane. AAO:0010332 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010332 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010332 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010332 ciliated epidermal cell Cell type that has motile cilia and populates the skin of the embryo, arranged in the surface layer of the non-neural ectoderm in an ordered distribution. PMID:10518489 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_10518489 ciliated cell xenopus_anatomy stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium An anterior thickening of the sensorial layer of ectoderm, just above the cement gland. The hypophyseal layer separates from the stomodeal layer at NF stage 29&30, and when contacted by a protrusion of the foregut, the stomdeal layer will rupture to form the mouth opening at NF stage 39-40. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy cement gland A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm. PMID:8787748 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_8787748 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010373 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010373 hatching gland A Y-shaped array of unicelluar glands on the top of a head, the open end of the Y faces anteriorly, that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching. Presumptive cells of the hatching gland are present by the end of gastrualtion ( NF stage 12.5) and differentiated cells start to form after neurulation is complete (NF stage 21). XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator frontal gland xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011050 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011050 zygote Cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes at fertilization. OMD:zygote http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_zygote fertilized egg xenopus_anatomy CL:0000365 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000365 animal cap Ectodermal roof of the blastocoel. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator animal ectoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010463 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010463 animal cap inner layer Sensorial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010464 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010464 animal cap outer layer Superficial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010465 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010465 anatomical site xenopus_anatomy head region The anterior most third of the embryo, from the development of the head outgrowth at NF stage 21. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy epidermis inner layer A distinct layer of the epidermal cells beneath the outermost layer of epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator stratum germinativum epidermis sensorial layer xenopus_anatomy neuroectoderm Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. NLM:neuroectoderm http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_neuroectoderm neurectoderm presumptive central nervous system neural ectoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011074 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011074 neuroectoderm outer layer xenopus_anatomy neuroectoderm inner layer xenopus_anatomy pre-chordal neural plate The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator anterior neural plate xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011084 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011084 chordal neural plate The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator posterior neural plate xenopus_anatomy notoplate xenopus_anatomy neural crest A group of embryonic cells that loosen and separate from the neural plate and surrounding epidermis during neurulation and migrate to give several different lineages of adult cells. AAO:0010578 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010578 neural crest material xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010578 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010578 cement gland primordium The thickening of the epithelial layer of the ectoderm, with corresponding dark pigmentation, on the anterior dorso-ventral surface of the embryo. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 cement gland anlage adhesive organ primordium cement gland xenopus_anatomy mesoderm Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryo's germ layers. OMD:mesoderm http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_mesoderm mesodermal mantle xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000304 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000304 dorsal aorta Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, extending into the tail as the caudal artery. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 aorta dorsalis xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011029 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011029 cardinal vein The paired main vein, departing from the sinus venous, the fused heart primordium, it runs posteriorly down length of the embryo. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011022 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011022 head mesoderm The mesoderm of the head. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011051 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011051 trunk region xenopus_anatomy notochord A longitudinal flexible rod of cells that in the embryo forms the supporting axis of the body. It degenerates, beginning anteriorly, at NF stage 46. Its posterior portion is greatly reduced by NF stage 55 and the entire structure is gone by NF stage 65. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 NLM:notochord http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_notochord xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000032 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000032 hypochord Transient structure that lies immediately ventral to the notochord in the embryo, likely required for the formation of the dorsal aorta. A slight depression marks the future hypochord at NF stage 20 and its segregation from the dorsal endoderm begins at NF stage 24. It progresses from anterior to posterior and is complete by NF stage 28. At NF stage 32 it is present as a dorso-laterally flattened ribbon of yolk-laden cells. It degenerates by apoptosis and by NF stage 43 is no longer detectable as a distinct structure. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 PMID:10648245 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_10648245 subnotochordal rod PMID:10648245 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_10648245 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000733 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000733 presomitic mesoderm Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. UBERON:0003059 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0003059 somitogenic mesoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011086 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011086 somite Any of the approximately 45 bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm cells, lying on either side of the notochord and neural tube, and forming sequentially starting at the head during development of the embryo. Together they give rise to the axial skeleton (from the sclerotome), associated musculature (from the myotome), and dermis (from the dermatome). OMD:somite http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_somite XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator somites somitic mesoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010569 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010569 pronephros xenopus_anatomy pronephric capsule xenopus_anatomy nephrostome The opening of the pronephros into the body cavity. GO:0039018 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0039018 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011069 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011069 pronephric duct xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011088 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011088 heart Internal, blood-pumping circulatory system organ ultimately composed of three chambers (two atria and one ventricle) and occupying a ventral position within the chest of the mature tadpole/frog. AAO:0010210 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010210 PMID:17194606 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17194606 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010210 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010210 myocardium The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle. AAO:0010410 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010410 cardiac muscle xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010410 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010410 endocardium Part of the heart composed of thin serous membrane and endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart. AAO:0010408 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010408 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010408 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010408 ventral blood island Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates. PMID:9618755 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_9618755 VBI ventral lateral plate mesoderm blood island xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011006 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011006 marginal zone Belt-like region of presumptive mesoderm at the equator of the late blastula. AAO:0010448 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010448 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010448 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010448 ventral marginal zone VMZ xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010453 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010453 ventro-lateral marginal zone xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010454 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010454 dorso-lateral marginal zone xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010450 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010450 dorsal marginal zone Marginal zone that is a key embryonic tissue region of the early gastrula stage embryo and that houses the Spemann-Mangold organizer. PMID:17368611 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17368611 organizer DMZ PMID:17368611 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17368611 Spemann organizer xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010449 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010449 deep (mesenchymal) layer xenopus_anatomy involuting marginal zone xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010451 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010451 involuting marginal zone mesenchymal layer deep involuting marginal zone xenopus_anatomy involuting marginal zone epithelial layer superficial involuting marginal zone xenopus_anatomy bottle cell Cell type that is first to migrate inwards at the blastopore during gastrulation. OMD:bottle+cell http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_bottle+cell xenopus_anatomy blastopore lip The edge of the blastopore. ISBN:0-387-53740-6 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-387-53740-6 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010455 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010455 prechordal plate head mesenchyme head mesoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011085 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011085 forelimb region The region from which the forelimb develops, first recognizable at NF stage 48, and distinct by NF stage 49. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator fore limb region xenopus_anatomy hindlimb region The region from which the hindlimb develops, first recognizable as a slight concentration of mesenchymal cells dorsal and lateral to the anal tube at NF stage 43. The epidermal layers thicken dramatically through to NF stage 48, and become vascularised by NF stage 49. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator hind limb region xenopus_anatomy circumblastoporal collar circumblastoporal region xenopus_anatomy involuted dorsal mesoderm xenopus_anatomy involuted ventral mesoderm xenopus_anatomy intermediate mesoderm Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system. AAO:0010575 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010575 lateral plate mesoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010575 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010575 ciliary marginal zone The region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. It is spatially ordered with respect to cellular development and differentiation, with the youngest and least-determined stem cells closest to the periphery, the proliferative retinoblasts in the middle, and postmitotic cells at the central edge. PMID:15844194 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15844194 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010342 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010342 tail region xenopus_anatomy upper blastopore lip dorsal blastopore lip xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010457 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010457 lower blastopore lip ventral blastopore lip xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010456 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010456 endoderm Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. OMD:endoderm http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_endoderm entoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000139 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000139 head endoderm The endoderm of the head. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy archenteron The cavity of the gastrula forming a primitive gut. At NF stage 20-21 its wide canal becomes dorso-ventrally compressed and narrowed in the future trunk region so that a subdivision into a foregut, a midgut and a hindgut with protruding endodermal mass becomes manifest. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 NLM:archenteron http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_archenteron gastrocoel xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010430 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010430 archenteron floor The layer of cells forming the ventral surface of the archenteron space of the embryo. PMID:17540356 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17540356 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010431 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010431 archenteron roof The layer of cells forming the dorsal surface of the archenteron space of the embryo. PMID:17540356 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17540356 gastrocoel roof xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010432 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010432 lateral line system Sensory system that has as it parts the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water, develops during late tailbud stage, and persists in the adult bearing elaborate dorsal and ventral components. It develops from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes. AAO:0000975 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000975 ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 lateral line stitches lateral-line organs xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000975 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000975 pharyngeal arch One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo. NLM:branchial+arch http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_branchial+arch visceral arch pharyngeal arches xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000149 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000149 mandibular arch first visceral arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010364 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010364 hyoid arch second visceral arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010363 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010363 branchial arch The pharyngeal arches (which develop into the branchial arches) are anlage for a multitude of structures. Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous stick, a muscle component which differentiates from the cartilaginous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously, but instead possess a "staggered" development. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 branchial arches xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010362 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010362 cardiovascular system Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. BTO:0000088 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0000088 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011001 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011001 liver diverticulum An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Its anterior portion gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct. UBERON:0008835 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0008835 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011057 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011057 visceral pouch 1 First of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 first visceral pouch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011114 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011114 midgut Middle subdivision of the digestive tract. The midgut is the portion of the embryo from which most of the intestines develop. After it bends around the superior mesenteric artery, it is often referred to as the "midgut loop". It comprises the portion of the alimentary canal from the end of the foregut at the opening of the bile duct to the hindgut, about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon. UBERON:0001045 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001045 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0001045 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001045 hindgut Posterior subdivision of the digestive tract. The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the large intestine and cloaca. UBERON:0001046 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001046 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011052 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011052 pharyngeal cavity xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010435 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010435 post-anal gut xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010437 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010437 tail bud Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 OMD:tail+bud http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_tail+bud tailbud xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011104 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011104 chordoneural hinge The anterior limit of the neurenteric canal, which connects the post-anal gut with the central canal of the spinal chord. It is formed from a population of cells derived from the dorsal lip of the late gastrula, and has been shown to be important in tail development. ISBN:0-7623-0285-2 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-7623-0285-2 PMID:11404094 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_11404094 PMID:7916680 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_7916680 CNH chordo neural hinge xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0007097 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0007097 posterior wall of neurenteric canal posterior wall of NEC xenopus_anatomy glomeral mesenchyme Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 glomerulus corpuscle xenopus_anatomy germ cell Cell type that is involved in the reproduction of the organism. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator germ line cell germ cells germ line cells xenopus_anatomy CL:0000586 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000586 embryo Anatomical entity that comprises the animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. BTO:0000379 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0000379 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011035 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011035 artery Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body. NLM:artery http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_artery xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010211 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010211 vein Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. NLM:vein http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_vein xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010212 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010212 capillary Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. NLM:capillary http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_capillary xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010252 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010252 respiratory system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs involved in breathing in respiration (breathing). OMD:respiratory+apparatus http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_respiratory+apparatus xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000541 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000541 trachea An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs. AAO:0010140 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010140 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010140 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010140 lung Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air. AAO:0010567 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010567 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010567 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010567 external gill The primary respiration organ in some species of tadpoles, whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial for effective gas exchange. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator gill xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010174 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010174 bronchus A passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator bronchial tube xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010524 hematological system Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues. OMD:haematological http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_haematological hematopoietic system <new synonym>haematopoietic system haematological system xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011002 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011002 bone marrow Flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. UBERON:0002371 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002371 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011007 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011007 blood The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the animal. NLM:blood http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_blood xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000046 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000046 alimentary system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. NLM:alimentary+system http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_alimentary+system digestive system gut xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000339 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000339 oral cavity xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001027 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001027 esophagus Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. At NF stage 57 it is a straight tube, round in cross section, and starting from the pharynx runs backward along the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. Its lining consists of a columnar glandular epithelium with mucus secreting cells. It is thrown into longitudinal folds. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 OMD:esophagus http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_esophagus oesophagus xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000145 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000145 stomach Internal organ that is the dilated portion of the alimentary tract situated between the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. It produces gastric juices involved in the breakdown of food. OMD:stomach http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_stomach xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000579 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000579 intestine Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter. AAO:0000246 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000246 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000246 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000246 small intestine xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010397 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010397 large intestine xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010396 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010396 liver and biliary system xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011056 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011056 liver Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins. AAO:0010111 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010111 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010111 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010111 bile duct Duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine. ZFA:0001100 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001100 hepatic duct xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011019 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011019 gall bladder A small organ of the alimentary system that aids mainly in fat digestion, and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver. ZFA:0000208 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000208 gallbladder xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010114 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010114 pancreas Internal gland organ with distinct tissues with different endocrine and exocrine functions. Its rudiment has three parts, one dorsal and two ventral primordia. The ventral can be first detected at NF stage 37/38. The dorsal is clearly segregated from the duodenal wall by NF stage 39. At NF stage 40 the right and left primordia have fused just above the gasto-duodenal vein. At NF stage 42 blood vessels penetrate into the crevices between the pancreatic acini making them more conspicuous. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 ISBN:0881679860 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0881679860 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010112 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010112 exocrine pancreas Pancreatic tissue composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion. ZFA:0001249 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001249 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010407 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010407 mesentery xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011061 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011061 peritoneum Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium. AAO:0010814 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010814 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010814 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010814 urogenital system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. NLM:genitourinary+tract http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_genitourinary+tract xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000624 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000624 mesonephric kidney Organ that is the definitive adult kidney. It replaces the earlier pronephros, which degenerates as the mesonephros becomes functional in feeding stage tadpoles. AAO:0010384 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010384 mesonephros opisthonephros adult kidney xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010384 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010384 genital system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. NLM:genitourinary+tract http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_genitourinary+tract reproductive system xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011048 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011048 urinary system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine. NLM:genitourinary+tract http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_genitourinary+tract xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010257 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010257 ureter Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. AAO:0010254 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010254 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010254 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010254 glomerulus A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. Paired highly vascularized structures of the pronephros, responsible for blood filtration. AAO:0010388 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010388 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator renal corpuscle xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010388 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010388 glomerus Made obolete - PV, perhaps a typo. xenopus_anatomy mesonephric tubule renal tubule xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010389 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010389 renal proximal convoluted tubule xenopus_anatomy loop of Henle xenopus_anatomy mesonephric collecting duct collecting duct xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010390 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010390 renal distal convoluted tubule xenopus_anatomy urethra xenopus_anatomy bladder The organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator urinary bladder xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000623 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000623 male genitalia The organs of the male reproductive system. NLM:genitalia http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_genitalia male genitals xenopus_anatomy female genitalia The organs of the female reproductive system. NLM:genitalia http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_genitalia female genitals xenopus_anatomy testis Reproductive organ that produces and releases sperm. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator testes xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000606 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000606 endocrine system Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. NLM:endocrine+system http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_endocrine+system xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010279 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010279 islets of Langerhans Structure that is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. UBERON:0000016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0000016 endocrine pancreas xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0000016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0000016 pineal gland An unpaired glandular organ subdivision attached on the midline near the posterior and habenular commissures of the epithalamus. UBERON:0001905 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001905 epiphysis pineal organ xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0001905 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001905 thyroid A two-lobed endocrine gland, located next to the trachea, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin. UBERON:0002046 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002046 thyroid gland xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0002046 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002046 thymus Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop. NLM:thymus http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_thymus xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001078 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001078 adrenal gland Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. UBERON:0002369 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002369 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010551 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010551 adrenal cortex Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. The perimeter region of the adrenal gland, the site of steroid synthesis. PMID:14061885 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_14061885 UBERON:0001235 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001235 interrenal tissue xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011009 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011009 adrenal medulla Part of the adrenal gland, located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Composed mainly of hormone-producing chromaffin cells, the adrenal medulla is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine. UBERON:0001236 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001236 chromaffin cells xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011010 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011010 parathyroid An organ specialized for secretion of parathyroid hormone. It controls the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones. UBERON:0001132 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001132 parathyroid gland xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0001132 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001132 musculoskeletal system Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000031 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000031 bone tissue The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton. BTO:0000140 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0000140 bone xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000047 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000047 cartilage tissue A type of dense connective tissue that is composed of specialized cells, chondrocytes, that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix. WIKI:Cartilage http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Cartilage cartilage xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000040 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000040 joint Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue. ZFA:0001596 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001596 articulation xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000101 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000101 muscle A body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion. BTO:0000887 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0000887 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011066 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011066 tendon A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. OMD:tendon http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_tendon xenopus_anatomy XAO:0000400 VAO:0000073 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000073 skeletal muscle A type of muscle used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints. WIKI:Skeletal_muscle http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Skeletal_muscle xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011099 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011099 smooth muscle Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers. AAO:0010244 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010244 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010244 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010244 dermal system Anatomical system that consists of the skin and its appendages. OMD:dermal+system http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_dermal+system xenopus_anatomy VAO:00000130 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_00000130 nervous system Anatomical system that has as its parts the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs and that receives and interprets stimuli and transmits impulses to the effector organs. AAO:0000324 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000324 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000324 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000324 peripheral nervous system One of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Its nerves connect the central nervous system with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. OMD:peripheral+nervous+system http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_peripheral+nervous+system PNS xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000429 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000429 eye The organ of sight (visual apparatus), almost spherical in shape. At the end of development (NF stage 66) the eyes bulge out of their orbital capsules near the lateral edge of the dorsal side of the head. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator eyes xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010340 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010340 cornea The transparent front part of the eye that, together with the lens, refracts light. WIKI:Cornea http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Cornea xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010344 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010344 globe A general term for the whole eye, or eye ball, of an organism. AAO:0010346 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010346 eye ball xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010346 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010346 conjunctiva A clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is made of epithelial tissue. UBERON:0001811 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001811 conjunctivas conjunctivae xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010343 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010343 sclera The opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. UBERON:0001773 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001773 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010354 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010354 iris A membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina. UBERON:0001769 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001769 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010347 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010347 ciliary body Circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. UBERON:0001775 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001775 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010341 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010341 dorsolateral placode region Lateral neurogenic placode region positioned dorsal to the epibranchial placodes, and include the lateral line placodes, the otic placode and the trigeminal placode. ISBN:0878933840 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0878933840 ZFA:0001310 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001310 xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001310 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001310 cranial nerve II Cranial nerve that runs to the eye. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 optic nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000435 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000435 auditory apparatus The combination of structures that form the ear and function to transmit vibrations and permit hearing. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 ear xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011014 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011014 external ear tympanum xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011037 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011037 middle ear tympanic cavity xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011065 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011065 inner ear Labyrinthine anatomical cluster that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation. PMID:16217737 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_16217737 membranous labyrinth xenopus_anatomy XAO:0000194 AAO:0000238 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000238 osseous labyrinth bony labyrinth xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011078 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011078 utricle xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011109 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011109 sacculus A major structure of the inner ear, ventral to the utriculus. Two small pouches extend from it- the papilla basilaris, and the papilla amphibiorum. The sacculus functions in the detection of sound. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 saccule xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000550 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000550 lagena cochlea xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000253 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000253 semicircular canal Fluid-filled ducts that loop from the utriculus in the inner ear, and help detect movement and maintain balance. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 semicircular ducts semicircular canals xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011098 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011098 vestibule The small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear. UBERON:0005236 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0005236 xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0005236 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0005236 animal blastomere Pigmented, smaller blastomere of the animal (upper) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 micromere xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010283 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010283 olfactory apparatus xenopus_anatomy animal hemisphere In developmental biology, the embryo is divided into two hemispheres: the animal pole or hemisphere and the vegetal pole or hemisphere. The animal hemisphere is the actively dividing hemisphere of the embryo, opposite the vegetal hemisphere, and is pigmented dark brown. ISBN:3-921015-04-9 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3-921015-04-9 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010325 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010325 archencephalic region xenopus_anatomy peripheral nerve xenopus_anatomy axial mesoderm A type of mesoderm that lies along the central axis, under the neural tube, and gives rise to the notochord. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator chordamesoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011017 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011017 blastocoel anlage The first appearance of the antomical space that will become the blastocoel. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator blastocoel anlage xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010326 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010326 blastocoel roof The dorsal surface of the blastocoel, the cavity of the blastula. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010436 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010436 blastopore The opening of the archenteron to the exterior, marks the point of orgin of the archenteron and the caudal end of the embryo. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000045 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000045 ganglion Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. NLM:ganglion http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_ganglion ganglia xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010426 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010426 spinal ganglion xenopus_anatomy sympathetic chain xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010791 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010791 tympanum The thin membrane or integument, which is stretched over a cartilaginous annulus in a drum-like manner, and forms the outer ear, receiving airborne vibrations and functions in hearing. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 tympanic membrane xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011108 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011108 auditory tube The narrow tube connecting the middle ear with the pharynx, through which air flows to equalize pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 eustachian tube pharyngotympanic tube xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011016 auditory ossicle Any of the three tiny bones of the inner ear (columella or stapes, the sacculus and the utriculus) suspended in the otic capsule. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011015 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011015 central nervous system The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and that supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system. NLM:central+nervous+system http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_central+nervous+system CNS xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000090 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000090 cortex Spatial descriptor for the outermost or superficial layer of an organ, such at the cerebral cortex or adrenal gland cortex; or the outer most layers of the oocyte. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010327 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010327 dermis A layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis. UBERON:0002067 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002067 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000128 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000128 appendage An internal or external body part or prolongation that projects from, and is attached to, an organ or the main body of an organism. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator appendages xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000075 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000075 superficial (epithelial) layer xenopus_anatomy dermatome Somitic compartment that is a precursor of dermis, the cells of which become arranged in a single layer that blankets the myotome, possibly continuously (unsegmented) across somites. PMID:17313522 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17313522 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011028 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011028 deuterencephalic region xenopus_anatomy ear placode xenopus_anatomy otic placode Invagination of thickened epithelium near the hindbrain that gives rise to a spherically shaped ear vesicle. PMID:16217737 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_16217737 auditory placode ear xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011079 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011079 vegetal part, early involuting xenopus_anatomy trigeminal placode The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. PMID:21452441 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_21452441 UBERON:0003070 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0003070 xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000162 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000162 equatorial belt xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010328 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010328 eye primordium First trace of the future visual apparatus. The eye primordia forming antero-lateral evaginations of the closing neural tube are originally massive formations into which only a slit-shaped extension of the neural groove penetrates at NF stage 18. At NF stage 19 they clearly segregate from the anterior portion of the neural tube. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 eye anlage eye xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011038 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011038 optic vesicle The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator eye vesicle optic cup eye xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011039 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011039 fasciculated network of fibrils coelomic envelope xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010303 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010303 follicle cell Cell type that forms a layer within an ovarian follicle that surrounds the oocyte. OMD:follicle+cell http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_follicle+cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000477 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000477 follicle layer xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010398 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010398 foregut The anterior part of the alimentary system, from the mouth and esophagus to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct. Structures of the foregut are: esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. The spleen is located in the foregut region, but is not a gut organ. UBERON:0001041 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001041 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011042 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011042 germ plasm A zone found in the cytoplasm of the egg cells which contains determinants that will give rise to the germ cell lineage. As the zygote undergoes mitotic divisions the germ plasm is ultimately restricted to a few cells of the embryo. These germ cells then migrate to the gonads. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010333 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010333 germinal vesicle The nucelus of the oocyte, it is enclosed in a nuclear envelope and contains neucleoplasm, in which the chromosomes and extranucleoli are embedded. It breaks down as the oocyte matures, being no longer visible by the first meiotic metaphase. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator GV xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010305 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010305 cardiac mesoderm Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and whose fusion begins at the ventral midline at NF stage 16. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator heart xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011021 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011021 duodenum The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010402 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010402 ileum The final section of the small intestine. UBERON:0002116 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002116 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010403 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010403 rectum xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010401 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010401 hepato-pancreatic duct The pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the descending duodenum, commonly known together as the hepatopancreatic duct. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy lens placode A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. UBERON:0003073 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0003073 lens xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011055 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011055 posterior cardinal vein The posterior cardinal vein returns blood from the trunk and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011081 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011081 mesonephric duct Wolffian duct xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000546 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000546 colon The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body. UBERON:0001155 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001155 hindgut posterior intestine xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010400 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010400 cloaca The posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal, reproductive, and urinary tracts. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator vent cloacal chamber xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000095 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000095 mitochondrial aggregate xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010306 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010306 myocoelic slit xenopus_anatomy visceral pouch 2 Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 second visceral pouch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011115 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011115 neural groove The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. NLM:neural+groove http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_neural+groove xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011071 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011071 neural plate A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube. At NF stage 11.5 is the first indication of neural plate within the sensorial layer of ectoderm. It extends to near the animal pole by NF stage 12.5 and the entire plate is faintly delimited by NF stage 13. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 OMD:neural+plate http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_neural+plate xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011072 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011072 posterior neural tube xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011082 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011082 visceral pouch 3 Third of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 third visceral pouch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011116 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011116 neurocoel xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011073 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011073 non-involuting marginal zone xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010452 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010452 visceral pouch 4 Fourth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 fourth visceral pouch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011117 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011117 visceral pouch 5 Fifth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 fifth visceral pouch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011118 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011118 oocyte The developing female gamete, the differentiation of which is classified into six stages: I (pre-vitellogenic), II (early vitellogenic), III (mid-vitellogenic, formation of pigment), IV (polarization along animal-vegetal axis), V (late vitellogenic), and VI (post-vitellogenic, appearance of equatorial band). PMID:4109871 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_4109871 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000023 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000023 oral evagination xenopus_anatomy ovary Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones. AAO:0000371 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000371 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000371 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000371 paraxial mesoderm Area of mesoderm at either side of the midline embryonic notochord that, on segmentation, forms the paired somites. OMD:paraxial+mesoderm http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_paraxial+mesoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010568 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010568 perivitelline space xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010329 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010329 pigment layer xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010350 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010350 polar body xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010307 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010307 primary oogonium primary oogonia xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010297 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010297 pronephric mesenchyme Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator pronephric bulge pronephric anlage pronephric primordium xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011090 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011090 visceral pouch 6 Sixth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 sixth visceral pouch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011119 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011119 retinal layer xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010353 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010353 hypophyseal primordium xenopus_anatomy secondary oogonium secondary oogonia xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010299 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010299 mouth primordium mouth stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium xenopus_anatomy sensorial layer of neurectoderm deep layer of neurectoderm xenopus_anatomy somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall; it underlies the ectoderm. UBERON:0004871 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0004871 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011100 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011100 Jacobson's organ An auxiliary olfactory sense organ involved in the detection of pheromones. WIKI:Vomeronasal_organ http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Vomeronasal_organ vomeronasal organ organon vomeronasale VNO xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000997 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000997 olfactory organ xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010180 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010180 sperm entry point xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010330 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010330 nasal pit xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011068 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011068 splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall; it overlies endoderm. UBERON:0004872 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0004872 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011102 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011102 choana The internal nasal passages, aperture or cavity in the roof of the buccopharynx. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 posterior nasal apperture internal nares choanae xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000093 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000093 animal part, late involuting When the marginal zone mesoderm undergoes involution, where the marginal zone contacts the vegetal base. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy vegetal blastomere Unpigmented, larger blastomere of the vegetal (lower) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 macromere xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010284 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010284 vegetal hemisphere xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010331 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010331 vegetal yolk mass xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010334 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010334 visceral pouch Pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 visceral pouches xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011113 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011113 pupil A hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina. WIKI:Pupil http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Pupil xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010351 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010351 epibranchial placode The three distinct placodal areas, which develop from the posterior placodal area, and lie ventral to the otic placode and dorsocaudal to the pharyngeal clefts, and contribute to the sensory ganglia and cranial nerves. ISBN:0878933840 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0878933840 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011036 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011036 pronephric nephron The structure that is the basic functional unit of the pronephros. UBERON:0005309 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0005309 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011091 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011091 late proximal tubule xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011122 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011122 early distal tubule Portion of the pronephric tubule which is just posterior to the early proximal (straight) tubule. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator distal early tubule pronephric distal early tubule> pronephric early distal tubule intermediate tubule xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011034 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011034 early proximal tubule pronephric tubule xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011120 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011120 late distal segment xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011121 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011121 pronephric nephron segment S1 xenopus_anatomy mesonephric mesenchyme xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011062 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011062 mesonephric nephron The structure that is the basic functional unit of the kidney. PMID:9268568 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_9268568 nephron xenopus_anatomy XAO:0000145 AAO:0010387 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010387 neural fold xenopus_anatomy blastocoel A blastocoel forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis. The blastocoel is the cavity of the blastula, a closed space which is invaded by early mesenchyme and later obliterated by the enlarging archenteron. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 segmentation cavity blastocyst cavity cleavage cavity blastocele xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010433 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010433 central endoderm The portion of endoderm between dorsal and ventral blastopore lips, and extending towards to the blastocoel. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator vegetal endodermal core endodermal yolk mass xenopus_anatomy vegetal xenopus_anatomy animal In developmental biology, the embryo is divided into two hemispheres: the animal pole or hemisphere and the vegetal pole or hemisphere. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator animal hemisphere xenopus_anatomy dorsal Spatial concept denoting the back or upper surface of the body. NCIt:Dorsal http://purl.org/obo/owl/NCIt#NCIt_Dorsal xenopus_anatomy ventral Spatial concept denoting the underside or lower surface of the body. NCIt:Ventral http://purl.org/obo/owl/NCIt#NCIt_Ventral xenopus_anatomy superficial xenopus_anatomy deep Spatial concept denoting extension relatively far inward. NCIt:Deep http://purl.org/obo/owl/NCIt#NCIt_Deep xenopus_anatomy dorso-lateral xenopus_anatomy ventro-lateral xenopus_anatomy lateral Spatial concept pertaining to being situated at or extending to the side. NCIt:Lateral http://purl.org/obo/owl/NCIt#NCIt_Lateral xenopus_anatomy cranial placode A localized ectodermal thickening that develops by apicobasal elongation of cuboidal cells in the inner layer of the ectoderm in the head of the embryos, and is involved in formation of sense organs. UBERON:0002546 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002546 cranial placodes xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010466 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010466 floor plate Organizing center consisting of a small group of cells located at the ventral midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, governing the specification of neuronal cell types and directing axonal trajectories. GO:0021508 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0021508 PMID:15738958 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15738958 floorplate spinal cord floor xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011041 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011041 anterior neural tube xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011012 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011012 marginal zone (sensu neural) xenopus_anatomy anterior neural fold The anterior U-shaped portion of the neural folds, the two longitudinal dorsal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, that make their appearance on either side of the middle line of the early neural embryo. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy lateral plate mesoderm Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures. UBERON:0003081 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0003081 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010574 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010574 head somite Any of the transient, degenerating occipital somites. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator occipital somite cranial somite xenopus_anatomy trunk somite xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010385 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010385 myotome Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle. PMID:17313522 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17313522 myotomes xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011067 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011067 epicardium The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart. AAO:0010409 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010409 heart epicardium xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010409 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010409 glomus Properly called a glomus as it extends over multiple body segments. The filtration unit of the pronephric kidney. A glomus is a glomerulus that spans more than one body segment. It is the vascularized filter of the pronephric kidney. Blood is filtered through the glomus and the filtrate deposited into the coelom early in development, or the nephrocoel later in development. The Xenopus glomus contains podocytes with well developed foot processes that are anatomically indistinguishable from the podocytes of adult glomeruli. The two glomera are linked via a narrow bridge called the glomeral nexus. PMID:9268568 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_9268568 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator glomerulus corpuscle glomera xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011049 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011049 trunk neural crest Trunk portion of the neural crest. The anterior and middle regions of the neural crest segregate at NF stage 16, while the posterior portion forms at NF stage 17. The neural crest of the trunk region that give rise to peripheral ganglia, and are migratory. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 ISBN:0878933840 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0878933840 trunk crest xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010582 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010582 sensorial layer The inner layer of ectoderm. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy profundus ganglion cranial ganglion profundus ganglia xenopus_anatomy hypobranchial placode Derivative of ectodermal thickening ventral to second and third pharyngeal pouches. Gives rise to neurons of unknown fate. PMID:12712315 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12712315 xenopus_anatomy left spleen primordium Primordium of the spleen, which goes on to form the spleen proper, while the right splenic promordium degenerates. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator spleen xenopus_anatomy right spleen primordium Transient splenic primordia that degenerates by NF stage 40. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator spleen xenopus_anatomy spleen Internal lymphoid organ derived from left spleen primordia beginning at NF stage 48. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010395 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010395 coelomic epithelium The epithelial lining of the coelom. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy Mullerian duct Transient developmental organ which gives rise to oviducts in female (documented to persist in some male frogs). AAO:0010141 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010141 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010141 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010141 mesonephric early proximal tubule Structure that is equivalent to the convoluted proximal tubule of metanephric nephrons. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010392 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010392 mesonephric late proximal tubule Structure that is the mesonephros nephron's equivalent to the straight proximal segment of a metanephric nephron. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator proximal straight segment opisthonephros xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010394 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010394 mesonephric early distal tubule The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator straight distal segment ascending limb xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010391 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010391 mesonephric late distal segment The site of bicarbonate resorption in the adult kidney. It is equivalent to the convoluted distal segment of metanephric nephrons. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010393 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010393 fused heart primordium The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator heart primordia heart primordium heart xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011044 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011044 endocardial tube heart tube xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010411 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010411 ventral aorta The outlet of the embryonic heart; lies in the floor of the pharynx and conducts blood from the bulbus arteriosis to the aortic arches(1-6). ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010412 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010412 left channel of ventral aorta xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010413 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010413 right channel of ventral aorta xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010424 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010424 aortic arch One of a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to several major arteries. UBERON:0004363 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0004363 aortic arches xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010414 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010414 aortic arch 1 The anterior member of a series of six paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 1 that is part of mandibular arch. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator first aortic arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010415 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010415 aortic arch 2 The second in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 2 that is part of hyoid arch. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 second aortic arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010418 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010418 aortic arch 3 The third in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 3 lies within the 3rd branchial arch and branches directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 third aortic arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010419 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010419 external carotid artery The artery which arises from aortic arch 1 at NF stage 45 and delivers blood to the filter apparatus. It is visible as a bilateral pair of vessels on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010416 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010416 larval aorta The aorta of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010423 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010423 secondary vessel xenopus_anatomy aortic arch 5 The fifth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 5 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 6 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. Aortic arches 5 and 6 supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 fifth aortic arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010421 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010421 aortic arch 6 The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 sixth aortic arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010422 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010422 posterior palatine artery One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, the palatine artery supplies the mouth region. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010417 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010417 aortic arch 4 The forth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 fourth aortic arch systemic arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010420 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010420 vascular endothelium vascular endothelia xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0004638 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0004638 arterial endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator endothelium of artery xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011013 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011013 venous endothelium xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011110 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011110 arteria iliaca communis The blood vessel that bifurcates from the aorta, and supplies the adbominal and pelvic regions. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 common iliac artery xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0001191 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001191 coeliaco-mesenteric artery Artery consisting of many branches which supply blood to various organs in the viscus. One of the major blood vessels, branching off the dorsal aorta and supplying the embryonic foregut organs- liver, stomach, intestine, spleen and pancreas. AAO:0010499 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010499 ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010499 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010499 occipitovertebral artery xenopus_anatomy caudal artery The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 CA xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011023 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011023 arteria subclavia The artery that branches from the either side of the dorsal aorta and delivers blood to the musculature of the shoulder region. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 subclavian artery xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0001533 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001533 internal carotid artery One of the major arteries of the head, it is the as the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by stage NF stage 41. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 ICA xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011054 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011054 cerebral artery The anterior continuation of the internal carotid artery, which gives off nasociliary artery anterior to the eye. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010493 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010493 ophthalmic artery A branch of the internal carotid artery that delivers blood to the eye. Together with the opthalmic vein, form a double ring encircling the eye and retina. It enters the eye obliquely by crossing over the ophthalmic vein and the internal jugular vein. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010497 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010497 anterior palatine artery One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, the palatine artery supplies the mouth region. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy arteria mesenterica posterior The artery that supplies the network of blood vessels (the mesentry) to the large intestine. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 posterior mesenteric artery xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0005616 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0005616 right lymph heart Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. Two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts can be seen adjacent to the somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 PMID:20067786 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_20067786 xenopus_anatomy left lymph heart Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. Two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts can be seen adjacent to the somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 PMID:20067786 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_20067786 xenopus_anatomy duct of Cuvier Bilaterally paired longitudinal vein; the anterior cardinal returns blood from the head, and the posterior cardinal returns it from the trunk; these two vessels join together on each side as the common cardinal vein, also known as the duct of Cuvier that leads to the heart's sinus venosus. ZFA:0000186 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000186 common cardinal vein xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011033 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011033 dorsal lymph space dorsal lymph space xenopus_anatomy lymph vessel A vessel that contains or conveys lymph. AAO:0011005 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011005 lymphatic vessel xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011005 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011005 omphalomesenteric vein xenopus_anatomy capillary system of liver The smallest of the blood vessels, parts of the microcirculation, of the liver. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator liver capillary xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010404 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010404 musculoabdominal vein Ventrolateral component of the external jugular vein. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy external jugular vein One of the bilateral pairs of vessels are clearly seen on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw, and drains the filter apparatus. This vein is more developed by NF stage 45, when it crosses the head dorsolaterally to drain into the Duct of Cuvier and pronephric sinus. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 external jugular xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010508 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010508 lateral postcardinal vein xenopus_anatomy mesonephric sinus xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011063 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011063 internal jugular vein The main dorsal head vein, it drains into the Duct of Cuvier, and collects blood from the dorsal jaw region, cerebral veins, the ophthalmic vein and the short pharyngeal vein. It forms loop around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy anterior cardinal vein The anterior cardinal vein returns blood from the dorsal head and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 ACV xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011011 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011011 medial cardinal vein xenopus_anatomy pronephric sinus The pronephric sinsus drains into the heart via the Duct of Cuvier at stage 33&34. It is a system of vessels that initially swell from where the anterior and posterior cardinal veins meet before draining into the Duct of Cuvier ( the common cardinal vein), and then continue to narrow and fold into an characteristic 'S-shape' by NF stage 37&38. It continues to loop on itself, at first a loose, then a dense knot of many vessels by NF stage 45. PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011092 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011092 interrenal vein xenopus_anatomy hepatic vein Vein that carries blood away from the liver. ZFA:0000670 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000670 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010216 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010216 posterior vena cava xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011083 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011083 gastric vein One of the veins of the alimentary system. The subintestinal vein is on the right side of the gut and drains the gastric vein on its right side by NF stage 43. The gastric veins carry blood low in oxygen from the surface of the stomach, draining into the left omphalomesenteric vein. ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 PMID:12606281 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12606281 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011046 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011046 caudal vein Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterior cardinal vein in the posterior trunk. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator CV xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011025 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011025 subinterstitial vein xenopus_anatomy portal vein xenopus_anatomy tail vein xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011105 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011105 pulmonary vein Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus. AAO:0010521 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010521 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010521 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010521 medial abdominal vein xenopus_anatomy head somite 1 Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 17 to 26 only. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator somite W PMID:2769206 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_2769206 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome Somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator sclerotomes xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010571 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010571 tendon fibroblast xenopus_anatomy sclerotomal cartilage xenopus_anatomy head somite 2 Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29 only. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator somite X PMID:2769206 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_2769206 xenopus_anatomy head somite 3 Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29/30 only. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator somite Y PMID:2769206 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_2769206 xenopus_anatomy head somite 4 Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 19 to late 30's. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator somite Z PMID:2769206 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_2769206 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 1 Trunk somite that is initially the 5th somite, first forming around NF stage 19 and becoming more anteriorly positioned as the head somites degenerate. It is the most anterior somite by NF stage 45 and is adjacent to the otic vesicle. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 fifth somite xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 2 Trunk somite that is initially the sixth somite. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 3 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 4 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 5 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 6 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 7 xenopus_anatomy sclerotomal mesenchyme xenopus_anatomy notochordal sheath xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 8 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 9 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 10 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 11 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 12 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 13 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 14 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 15 xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 16 Trunk somite that forms at NF stage 28, by which time head somite 1 has degenerated. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy trunk somite 17 xenopus_anatomy cranial nerve I Cranial nerve that supplies the nasal organ. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 olfactory nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000249 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000249 gasserian ganglion gasserian ganglia xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011045 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011045 trigeminal ganglion trigeminus ganglion trigeminal ganglia xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011107 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011107 cephalic nerve Any of the major nerves of the head or cephalic region. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator cranial nerve xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000108 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000108 Rathke's pouch A depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system. UBERON:0005356 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0005356 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011094 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011094 tooth dentition teeth xenopus_anatomy death The end of the animal's life. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_developmental_stage filter chamber Xenopus tadpoles are suspension feeders, and the filter apparatus enables them to trap food particles. In Xenopus the palatoquadrate, ceratohyal and the connecting muscles are responsible for the irrigation and ventilation of the filter apparatus. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator coelomic filter chamber coelom peribranchial chamber xenopus_anatomy lateral line placode Thickened placodal areas located anterior and posterior to the otic vesicle. In Xenopus, there are 5 distinct lateral line placodes, each gives rise to a single lateral line nerve that will innervate lateral line hair cells and convey information on motion to the adjacent hindbrain. ISBN:0878933840 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0878933840 lateral line placodes lateral line xenopus_anatomy infraorbital lateral line primordium xenopus_anatomy supraorbital lateral line xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011103 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011103 trunk lateral line xenopus_anatomy thyroid primordium thyroid xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011106 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011106 taste bud The organ used for chemoreception. AAO:0010573 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010573 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010573 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010573 tongue The movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth. UBERON:0001723 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001723 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010360 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010360 branchial arch 1 The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, contains the first aortic arch. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 third visceral arch first branchial arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010365 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010365 gill primordium A swelling from the 3rd visceral arch at NF stage 35&36, which co-occurs with a depression between the 3rd and 6th, forming the external gills by NF stage 39. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator external gill anlage gill xenopus_anatomy branchial arch 2 The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 second branchial arch fourth visceral arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010366 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010366 epithelial body xenopus_anatomy branchial arch 3 The third in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the third aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 fifth visceral arch third branchial arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010367 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010367 ultimobranchial body Anatomical structure which includes small, calcitonin producing glands originating as epithelial growths from the sixth pharyngeal pouch. AAO:0010547 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010547 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010547 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010547 branchial arch 4 The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills. ISBN:0-02-377110-0 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-02-377110-0 fourth branchial arch sixth visceral arch xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010368 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010368 liver parenchyme The functional units of the liver including the lobules. UBERON:0001280 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001280 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010405 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010405 biliary tree Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts. UBERON:0001173 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001173 biliary tract xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011020 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011020 pyloric sphincter Sphincter muscle that is part of the pyloric region of the stomach. UBERON:0001202 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001202 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011093 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011093 occipital lateral line xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011075 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011075 infraorbital lateral line xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011053 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011053 hyomandibular lateral line xenopus_anatomy trunk placode xenopus_anatomy dorsal lateral line The dorsal most of the sensory system on the surface of the tadpole consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the tadpole through the water, as well as facilitating schooling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011030 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011030 middle lateral line xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000344 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000344 ventral lateral line xenopus_anatomy caudal lateral line Cranial nerve of the caudal lateral line enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011024 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011024 dorsal pancreatic bud The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator primary pancreatic bud pancreas xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011031 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011031 dorsal tail fin xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010203 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010203 unicellular gland Any of the large number of glands of the larval skin, particularly common in the fins and adjacent skin of the trunk; also formed in the former frontal gland area on the upper jaw. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010377 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010377 xanthophore Thin membrane enclosing and immediately adjacent to the ovum. Produced in the ovary. A type of colored melanophore (mobile pigment cells of the dermis & epidermis) that contain fat-soluble carotenoids (obtained from the diet) and pteridines (synthesised from the cell) which are stored in pterinosomes. Their color depends on the pattern of carotenoids and pteridines. Xanthophores are rarely found in pre-metamorphic larvae. CL:0000430 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000430 ISBN:0-226-55763-4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-226-55763-4 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000430 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000430 iridophore A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. The cell contains flat light-reflecting platelets, probably of guanine, in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. The color-generating components produce a silver, gold, or iridescent color. AAO:0010318 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010318 guanophore xenopus_anatomy CL:0000431 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000431 choroid fissure A break in the continuity of the optic cup where the two sides of the cup meet. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 optic fissure ventral choroidal fissure xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011026 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011026 optic stalk Neural tissue comprising the proximal part of either of the optic vesicles as they project towards the sides of the head; it remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk (the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb). UBERON:0003098 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0003098 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011077 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011077 cranial neural crest The most anterior of 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. CNC cells migrate in four highly conserved streams: mandibular crest, hyoid crest and the anterior and posterior branchial crest. ZFA:0001194 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001194 head crest xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010580 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010580 lung primordium A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 lung lateral diverticula xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011059 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011059 circulatory system Anatomical system that has as its parts the blood and lymph vessels. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator vascular system xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000959 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000959 blood vessel Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. BTO:0001102 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0001102 vasculature blood vessels xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011004 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011004 Stirnorgan frontal organ xenopus_anatomy musculature of face The facial muscles are a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerves. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator facial muscle facial muscles xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0004473 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0004473 melanophore A pigment cell that contains melanin, a brownish-black pigment. NLM:melanophore http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_melanophore melanocyte xenopus_anatomy CL:0000148 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000148 rectal diverticulum An outgrowth of the cloaca that links the pronephric kidney to the exterior. UBERON:0006172 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0006172 rectal diverticula xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0006172 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0006172 abdominal myoblast The myoblast that forms the muscles of the anterior abdominal walls. AAO:0010314 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010314 abdominal musculature xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010314 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010314 connective tissue Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues. ZFA:0001632 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001632 portion of connective tissue xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000017 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000017 anterior lymph sac The protrusion of mesenchymal tissue of the anterior cardinal vein which form lymph sacs. PMID:17062017 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17062017 rostral lymph sac xenopus_anatomy proctodeum Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage. ZFA:0000066 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000066 anus proctodaeum anus porus xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011087 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011087 elastica externa Notochordal sheath or membrane. Its first indication is at NF stage 24, and it is a distinct membrane by NF stage 28. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 notochordal sheath xenopus_anatomy notochordal epithelium xenopus_anatomy first pancreatic bud pancreas xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011040 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011040 second pancreatic bud pancreas xenopus_anatomy ventral pancreatic bud pancreas xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011111 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011111 pronephric kidney Organ that serves as a transient kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages and then degenerating during metamorphosis. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator pronephros xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011089 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011089 anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000003 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000003 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000003 anatomical group Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. CARO:0000054 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000054 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000054 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000054 anatomical system Anatomical group that has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity. CARO:0000011 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000011 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000011 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000011 unspecified Annotation of data with this anatomy term indicates that a structure or tissue was not specified by the investigator. xenopus_anatomy whole organism Anatomical structure that is an individual member of Xenopus laevis. CARO:0000012 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000012 ubiquitous xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000012 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000012 female organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. CARO:0000028 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000028 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000028 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000028 male organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. CARO:0000027 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000027 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000027 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000027 anatomical entity in vitro An experimentally manipulated tissue, or portion of the developing embryo, that can be culture alone, in vitro. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro activin-induced ectoderm Ectoderm section that has been dissected from the embryo, and treated with activin, and maintained in vitro. PMID:14061885 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_14061885 xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro disaggregated/reaggregated ectoderm treated with activin xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro aorta The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs. AAO:0010213 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010213 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010213 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010213 primary germ layer A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. BTO:0000556 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0000556 germ layer embryonic germ layer xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000480 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000480 cell Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. GO:0005623 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005623 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000013 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000013 organism subdivision Anatomical structure that is a primary subdivision of the whole organism. CARO:0000032 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000032 body part xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000032 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000032 pigment cell Cell type that contains a deposition of coloring matter, the first of which differentiate during late tailbud stage, and that by NF stage 56 has produced a fully differentiated larval pigmentation pattern. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 NLM:pigment+cell http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_pigment+cell chromatophore xenopus_anatomy CL:0000147 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000147 myoblast Embryonic (precursor) cell of the myogenic lineage that develops from the mesoderm. CL:0000056 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000056 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000056 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000056 blastomere Undifferentiated cell that is produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). CL:0000353 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000353 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000353 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000353 fibroblast A connective tissue cell that secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. CL:0000057 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000057 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000057 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000057 primary spermatogonium primary spermatogonia xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010298 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010298 spermatocyte The developing male gamete. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy CL:0000017 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000017 secondary spermatogonium secondary spermatogonia xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010300 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010300 spinal cord neuron xenopus_anatomy Rohon-Beard neuron Type of neuron that is a primary mechanosensory cell, with peripheral neurites innervating the skin with free nerve endings. It first appears in trunk levels at NF stage 33/34, and at NF stage 35/36 has somas that are the largest in the spinal cord. It forms a nearly continuous double row of cells along the cord's medial dorsal surface and contributes ascending and descending axons to the dorsal tract. It appears well back in the tail by NF stage 39, begins to decline at NF stage 50 and is few in number, with pycnotic nuclei, at NF stage 55. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 PMID:17506218 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17506218 Rohon Beard cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000247 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000247 neuron Cell that is the basic unit of nervous tissue, each consisting of a body, an axon, and dendrites, and the purpose of which is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. CL:0000540 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000540 nerve cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000540 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000540 head Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions. AAO:0010335 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010335 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010335 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010335 trunk Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail. ZFA:0001115 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001115 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010339 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010339 tail Organism subdivision that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the larva. It is resorbed during metamorphosis beginning with degeneration of the notochord's distal tip at NF stage 61, followed by degeneration gradually extending to its more proximal regions and reaching its proximal end by NF stage 62. By NF stage 66 it exists only as a small dorsal swelling. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 OMD:tail http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_tail xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010338 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010338 limb Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010336 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010336 surface structure Organism subdivision that is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface. ZFA:0000292 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000292 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010337 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010337 mouth Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands. AAO:0010355 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010355 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010355 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010355 forelimb One of the pair of limbs that are situated anteriorly, develop in sacs that separate them from the gill chamber, are well-defined buds by NF stage 48, are innervated by NF stage 51, and are ossified by NF stage 59. BTO:0001729 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0001729 ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 anterior limb fore limb xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000205 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000205 hindlimb One of the pair of limbs that are situated posteriorly, are evident as buds laterally by NF stage 47, and are innervated by NF stage 51. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 posterior limb hind limb xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000219 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000219 digit One of several most distal parts of a limb. UBERON:0002544 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002544 xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0002544 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002544 nostril Surface structure that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing. OMD:nostril http://purl.org/obo/owl/OMD#OMD_nostril xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010358 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010358 viscus An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper. BTO:0001491 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0001491 viscera xenopus_anatomy BTO:0001491 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0001491 hind digit A digit that is one of several most distal parts of a hind limb. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000888 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000888 fore digit A digit that is one of several most distal parts of a forelimb. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000857 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000857 multi-tissue structure Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000055 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000055 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000055 simple organ Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ. CARO:0000021 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000021 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000021 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000021 compound organ component Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. CARO:0000019 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000019 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000019 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000019 portion of tissue Anatomical structure that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. CARO:0000043 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000043 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000043 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000043 compound organ Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. CARO:0000024 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000024 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000024 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000024 embryonic structure An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed. BTO:0000174 http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO#BTO_0000174 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000138 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000138 primordium An embryonic structure that is the rudiment or commencement of a part or organ. UBERON:0001048 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001048 primordia xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0001048 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001048 endomesoderm Primary germ layer that can give rise to both mesoderm and endoderm. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator mesendoderm xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010619 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010619 epithelium Portion of tissue that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and that is underlain by a basal lamina. CARO:0000066 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000066 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000066 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000066 mesenchyme Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage. AAO:0010427 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010427 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010427 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010427 nerve Portion of tissue that consists of a fasciculated group of axons. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011070 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011070 egg A mature female germ cell that is capable of initiating formation of a new individual by fusion with a male gamete. NLM:gamete http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_gamete unfertilized egg ovum xenopus_anatomy CL:0000025 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000025 adipose tissue Connective tissue in which fat is stored. NLM:adipose+tissue http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_adipose+tissue xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000001 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000001 fat body Anatomical structure associated with the gonads which vary in form among amphibians but are primarily composed of adipose tissue and are thought to be a source of nutrients for the gonads. A body of adipose tissue, in the form of finger-like projections, usually associated with the anterior end of the testis and ovaries. Fat bodies are suspended from the body wall by dorsal mesentry which is fused with the gonadal mesentry (the mesovarium or mesorchidium). AAO:0000157 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000157 ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000157 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000157 dorsal lateral plate region Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo. PMID:9618755 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_9618755 DLP aorta-gonads-mesonephros region AGM region xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011008 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011008 oviduct xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010533 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010533 Keller explant A rectangle of dorsal mesendoderm and ectoderm from an early-gastrula-stage Xenopus laevis embryo. It is approximately 60 deg to 90 deg wide, extending from the bottle cells to the animal pole. ISBN:9780879695040 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_9780879695040 xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro stem cell A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. CL:0000034 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000034 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000034 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000034 hematopoietic stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. CL:0000037 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000037 ZFA:0009014 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0009014 HSC xenopus_anatomy CL:0000037 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000037 anterior Spatial concept denoting the front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another. NCIt:Anterior http://purl.org/obo/owl/NCIt#NCIt_Anterior xenopus_anatomy posterior Spatial concept denoting the back surface of the body. NCIt:Posterior http://purl.org/obo/owl/NCIt#NCIt_Posterior xenopus_anatomy larval structure xenopus_anatomy chondrocranium Structure consisting of a cartilaginous skull that begins to form during early tadpole stage. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 cartilaginous skull xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010169 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010169 skeletal system Anatomical system that provides physical support to the organism. AAO:0000566 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000566 xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000027 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000027 forelimb skeleton Skeletal structure of the paired, anterior appendages. AAO:0000202 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000202 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000202 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000202 hind limb skeleton Skeletal structure of the paired, posterior appendages. AAO:0000217 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000217 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000217 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000217 pectoral girdle Arched skeletal structure that supports the forelimbs, the rudiments of which can be distinguished in mesenchyme at NF stage 51, and is complete by NF stage 60. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 NLM:pectoral+girdle http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_pectoral+girdle shoulder girdle xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000422 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000422 pelvic girdle Arched skeletal structure that supports the hind limbs, begins to develop at NF stage 50, and is ossified by NF stage 66. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 NLM:pelvic+girdle http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_pelvic+girdle xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000426 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000426 forelimb bud The anterior limb bud which develops into the fore limb; oval shaped in dorsal aspect by NF stage 50, and paddle shaped by NF stage 53; all four fingers and melanophores apparent by NF stage 54. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010381 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010381 hind limb bud The bilateral thickening of the ectoderm in the region of the first noticeable at NF stage 47, and innervated by NF stage 51. The hind limb buds develop before the forelimb buds. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator hind limb bud xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010382 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010382 fore epipodium xenopus_anatomy fore mesopodium xenopus_anatomy hind propodium xenopus_anatomy hind metapodium xenopus_anatomy fore propodium xenopus_anatomy hind epipodium xenopus_anatomy postcranial axial skeleton Skeletal structure that has as its parts the vertebral column, located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and formed by a series of vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord. AAO:0000034 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000034 axial skeleton xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000093 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000093 vertebral column xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001559 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001559 cranium Skeletal system that is part of the head, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator cranial skeleton xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000109 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000109 cervical vertebra The single vertebra that is immediately posterior to the skull, specifically the atlas, and lacks ribs. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 atlas xenopus_anatomy presacral vertebra xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000612 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000612 sacral vertebra xenopus_anatomy caudal vertebra The bones that make up the tail region of the tadpole. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000326 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000326 urostyle Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord. AAO:0000732 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000732 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000732 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000732 larynx Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located. AAO:0000268 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000268 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000268 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000268 sucker xenopus_anatomy braincase and otic capsule skeleton Skeleton encasing the brain and auditory apparatus. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000052 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000052 lower jaw xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000272 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000272 Meckel's cartilage Paired cartilaginous component of the lower jaw that fuses together through a median inferior labial cartilage, resulting in a single curved bar of cartilage by metamorphic climax. During metamorphosis it is surrounded by the developing dentale and goniale. PMID:3693112 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_3693112 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000289 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000289 suspensorium xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000596 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000596 upper jaw xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000620 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000620 seminiferous tubule Any of the coiled tubules located in the testes in which spermatozoa are produced. AAO:0010399 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010399 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010399 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010399 cranial nerve Any of the major paired nerves of the head region, which exit and enter the cranium through openings in the skull. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator cranial nerves xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000108 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000108 cranial nerve III Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 oculomotor nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000405 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000405 cranial nerve IV Cranial nerve, also known as the pathetic nerve, that runs to the eye muscles. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 trochlear nerve pathetic nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000600 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000600 cranial nerve V Cranial nerve that branches into the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw) and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 trigeminal nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000697 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000697 cranial nerve VI Cranial nerve, also known as the abducent nerve, that runs to the eye muscles. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 abducent nerve abducens nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000310 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000310 cranial nerve VII Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches). ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 facial nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000664 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000664 cranial nerve VIII Cranial nerve that runs to the ear. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 auditory nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000247 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000247 cranial nerve IX Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult). ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 glossopharyngeal nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000668 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000668 cranial nerve X Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart). ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 vagus nerve xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000453 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000453 cerebellum A dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum. UBERON:0002037 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002037 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010485 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010485 fourth ventricle Irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space. UBERON:0002422 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002422 IVth ventricle xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011043 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011043 medulla oblongata Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses. AAO:0010486 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010486 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010486 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010486 spinal nerve xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011101 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011101 transverse process Any of the projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae. AAO:0000698 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000698 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000698 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000698 claw Anatomical structure consisting of a small, pointed keratinized appendage at the end of each of the three inner toes of the hind limbs. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy myotome of head somite 1 xenopus_anatomy myotome of head somite 2 xenopus_anatomy myotome of head somite 3 xenopus_anatomy myotome of head somite 4 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 1 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 2 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 3 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 4 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of head somite 4 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 1 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 2 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 3 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 4 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 5 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 6 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 7 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 8 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 5 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 6 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 7 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 8 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 9 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 9 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 10 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 10 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 11 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 11 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 12 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 12 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 13 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 13 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 14 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 14 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 15 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 15 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 16 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 16 xenopus_anatomy sclerotome of trunk somite 17 xenopus_anatomy myotome of trunk somite 17 xenopus_anatomy tail somite xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010383 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010383 amphibian papilla The principal auditory organ of frog that utilizes both mechanical and electrical (hair cell-based) frequency tuning mechanisms for hearing, located near the junction of the utricle and the saccule bones of the inner ear. PMID:10377339 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_10377339 xenopus_anatomy basilar papilla A sensory structure in the lagenar portion of an amphibian's membranous labyrinth between the oval and round windows. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator papilla basilaris xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011018 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011018 gonad Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins. Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). AAO:0000213 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000213 ZFA:0000413 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000413 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000213 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000213 spermatozoon A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. CL:0000019 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000019 spermatozoa sperm xenopus_anatomy CL:0000019 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000019 germ line cell A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. ISBN:0721662544 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0721662544 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000039 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000039 primordial germ cell Primitive cell type that is involved in the reproduction of the organism beginning with the sexual differentiation of the gonads at NF stage 52. In males specifically, it migrates from the genital ridge cortical region into the medullary tissue, where it forms spermatogonia. In females it is embedded in the cortical region and multiplies as oogonia. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 primitive germ cell PGC xenopus_anatomy CL:0000670 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000670 gamete A mature male or female germ cell. NLM:gamete http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_gamete xenopus_anatomy CL:0000300 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000300 spermatid xenopus_anatomy CL:0000018 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000018 immune system Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. NLM:immune+system http://purl.org/obo/owl/NLM#NLM_immune+system xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011003 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011003 larval immune system The immune system of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy adult immune system The complete system of biological structures and processes within the adult organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011003 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011003 lymphocyte A cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage. CL:0000542 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000542 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000542 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000542 natural killer cell A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. CL:0000623 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000623 NK cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000623 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000623 T cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000084 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000084 B cell One of the two types of lymphocytes (the others being T cells). All lymphocytes begin their development in the bone marrow. B cells are involved in so-called humoral immunity. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy CL:0000236 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000236 thymocyte An immature T cell located in the thymus. AAO:0010312 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010312 xenopus_anatomy anatomical cluster Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. CARO:0000041 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000041 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000041 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000041 limb bud Structure that is an early outgrowth of a presumptive limb. AAO:0010375 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010375 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010375 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010375 acellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. CARO:0000040 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000040 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000040 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000040 basal lamina Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. CARO:0000065 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000065 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000065 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000065 solid compound organ Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. CARO:0000074 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000074 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000074 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000074 cavitated compound organ Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. CARO:0000072 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000072 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000072 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000072 appendicular skeleton Skeletal structure that has as its parts the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs. AAO:0000747 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000747 xenopus_anatomy VAO:0000076 http://purl.org/obo/owl/VAO#VAO_0000076 fore metapodium xenopus_anatomy hind mesopodium xenopus_anatomy dermatocranium Cranium which consists of dermally derived bones. TAO:0000863 http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAO#TAO_0000863 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010154 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010154 neurocranium xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010153 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010153 orbital region An anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. AAO:0010220 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010220 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010220 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010220 olfactory region Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs. AAO:0010206 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010206 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010206 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010206 occipital region An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles. AAO:0010199 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010199 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010199 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010199 sphenoid region Anatomical cluster that forms the floor and side walls of the middle part of the cranium. TAO:0000290 http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAO#TAO_0000290 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010207 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010207 otic region Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the neurocranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system. AAO:0010208 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010208 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010208 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010208 splanchnocranium Regional skeletal system of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches. ZFA:0001216 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001216 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010157 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010157 hyoid arch skeleton xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010370 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010370 dorsal hyoid arch skeleton xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010371 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010371 ventral hyoid arch skeleton xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010372 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010372 branchial arch skeleton Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the branchial arches; the last five of the set of seven pharyngeal arches; the numbering system can be confusing; generally branchial arch #1 is the first branchial arch, or the third pharyngeal arch, but some authors do not follow this convention. PMID:8589427 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_8589427 Pharyngeal arch skeleton 3-7> gill arch skeleton visceral arch skeleton xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010369 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010369 branchial arch skeleton 1 Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the first branchial or pharyngeal arch. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy branchial arch skeleton 2 Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the second branchial or pharyngeal arch. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy branchial arch skeleton 3 Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the third branchial or pharyngeal arch. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy branchial arch skeleton 4 Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the forth branchial or pharyngeal arch. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy anatomical direction Any spatial descriptor that describes the orientation of the anatomical features of an embryo. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy anatomical region A region of the whole organism that contains a recognizable set of structures or anatomical entities. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy medial Spatial concept pertaining to being toward the middle or inside. NCIt:Medial http://purl.org/obo/owl/NCIt#NCIt_Medial xenopus_anatomy proximal Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part. NCIt:Proximal http://purl.org/obo/owl/NCIt#NCIt_Proximal xenopus_anatomy distal Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is farther away from the center of the body than another part. NCIt:Distal http://purl.org/obo/owl/NCIt#NCIt_Distal xenopus_anatomy anatomical space Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. CARO:0000005 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000005 xenopus_anatomy CARO:0000005 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_0000005 left atrium xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010247 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010247 right atrium xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010248 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010248 cardiac ventricle Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. The amphibian heart has a single ventricle and an outflow tract with an incomplete spiral septa. UBERON:0002082 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002082 xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0002082 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0002082 sensory system A part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. WIKI:Sensory_system http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Sensory_system xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000555 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000555 vestibuloauditory system The sensory system used for balance and hearing. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000631 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000631 olfactory system The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell). WIKI:Olfactory_system http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Olfactory_system xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000978 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000978 gustatory system The sensory system used for the sense of taste. WIKI:Gustatory_system http://purl.org/obo/owl/WIKI#WIKI_Gustatory_system xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010577 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010577 visual system The sensory system used for sight. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000632 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000632 lymphatic system Part of the circulatory system which consists of a series of vessels which collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seep through capillary walls and return it to the veins. The lymphatic system of vasculature drains lymph fluid from the tissue spaces of most organs and returns it to the blood vasculature for recirculation. The lymphatic sytem functions in immune responses. Anurans generate a lot lymphatic fluid, largely as a consequence of their very `leaky' vasculature and high interstitial compliance. Lymph is ultimately pumped into the venous system by paired, dorsally located lymph hearts. Hedrick et al (2007) show that lung inflation and deflation assists lymph movement. Lymph is moved during lung deflation to the subvertebral sac from anterior and posterior lymph sacs. During lung inflation, increased lymph sac pressure moves lymph to axillary regions, where lymph hearts can return lymph to the vascular space. (see Hedrick et al 2007). AAO:0010522 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010522 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010522 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010522 gut epithelium The epithelium of the gut. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0005123 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0005123 oral epithelium xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010357 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010357 pharyngeal epithelium xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001174 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001174 dental epithelium Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ. ZFA:0005134 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0005134 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011027 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011027 neural tube Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system. AAO:0010617 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010617 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010617 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010617 chondrocyte Polymorphic cell type that forms cartilage. CL:0000138 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000138 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000138 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000138 podocyte Cell type that is a component of the glomus. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy CL:0000653 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000653 carpus The cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius, ulna and metacarpus, they do not belong to individual finger, but allow the wrist to move and rotate. ISBN:0-07-017977-8 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0-07-017977-8 xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0001435 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0001435 metacarpus xenopus_anatomy radio-ulna Either of the paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna. AAO:0000901 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000901 radioulna radius-ulna xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000901 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000901 humerus Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows. The humerus is the long bone in the forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. AAO:0000679 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000679 XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000679 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000679 tarsus A bone of the wrist of the hindlimb, which remains cartilaginous until NF stage 66. ISBN:0815318960 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0815318960 tarsalia xenopus_anatomy UBERON:0004454 http://purl.org/obo/owl/UBERON#UBERON_0004454 metatarsus xenopus_anatomy tibia-fibula Bone of the lower hind leg, which undergoes ossification from NF stage 56 to stage 66. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 xenopus_anatomy femur Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that form the thighs, extending from the pelvic girdles to the knees. Proximal bone of the hind leg, which begins to ossify at NF stage 55. ISBN:0471209627 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471209627 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000889 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000889 photoreceptor layer The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside. ZFA:0000143 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000143 retinal photoreceptor layer xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000143 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000143 retinal neural layer The layer of nerve cells in the retina. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator neural retina xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011095 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011095 retinal pigmented epithelium The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina. ZFA:0000144 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000144 pigmented retinal epithelium pigmented epithelium xenopus_anatomy AAO:0011096 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0011096 retinal outer plexiform layer xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001330 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001330 retinal outer nuclear layer xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001464 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001464 optic fiber layer xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001619 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001619 retinal inner nuclear layer xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000119 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000119 inner limiting membrane xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001029 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001029 retinal ganglion cell layer xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0000024 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0000024 outer limiting membrane xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001331 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001331 retinal inner plexiform layer xenopus_anatomy ZFA:0001329 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ZFA#ZFA_0001329 optic tectum The brain structure where the two separate inputs from the two eyes are combined into a single, integrated map. PMID:17952453 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_17952453 tectum tectum opticum xenopus_anatomy AAO:0010609 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0010609 pharynx Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches. AAO:0000967 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000967 xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000967 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000967 hypaxial muscle body wall muscle xenopus_anatomy epaxial muscle Trunk muscles that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator epaxial muscles xenopus_anatomy AAO:0000142 http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_0000142 trunk musculature xenopus_anatomy absorptive cell A cell that takes up stuff and metabolizes it. CL:0000212 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000212 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000212 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000212 acid secreting cell Any of the cell types of the digestive system that secrete amino acid peptides or polypeptides. CL:0000161 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000161 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000161 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000161 acinar cell Exocrine functioning cells of the pancreas. CL:0000622 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000622 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000622 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000622 alkali secreting cell A cell that secretes alkaline substances. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy CL:0000435 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000435 barrier cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. CL:0000215 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000215 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000215 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000215 barrier epithelial cell A surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus or cloaca. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy CL:0000073 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000073 cementoblast A cell of ectomesenchymal origin concerned with the formation of the layer of cementum on the roots of teeth. ISBN:0781733901 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0781733901 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000061 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000061 chondroblast A chondroblast is a cell which originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms chondrocytes, commonly known as cartilage cells. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy CL:0000058 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000058 circulating cell A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. CL:0000080 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000080 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000080 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000080 digestive enzyme secreting cell digestive enzyme secreting cells xenopus_anatomy CL:0000470 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000470 early embryonic cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000007 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000007 morula cell A cell of the early embryo at the developmental stage in which the blastomeres, resulting from repeated mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum (zygote), form a compact cell mass. CL:0000360 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000360 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000360 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000360 blastoderm cell An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). CL:0000353 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000353 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000353 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000353 gastrula cell A cell of the embryo in the early stage following the blastula, characterized by morphogenetic cell movements, cell differentiation, and the formation of the three germ layers. CL:0000361 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000361 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000361 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000361 ectodermal cell A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. CL:0000221 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000221 ectoderm cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000221 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000221 electrically active cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. CL:0000211 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000211 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000211 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000211 endocrine cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. CL:0000163 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000163 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000163 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000163 endodermal cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. CL:0000223 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000223 endoderm cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000223 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000223 epithelial cell A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. CL:0000066 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000066 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000066 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000066 exocrine cell A cell of an exocrine gland, i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. CL:0000152 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000152 xenopus_anatomy CL:0000152 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000152 hatching gland cell Individual secretory cells of the hatching gland that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching. XB:curator http://purl.org/obo/owl/XB#XB_curator xenopus_anatomy CL:0000249 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000249 keratin accumulating cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000311 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000311 ligament cell xenopus_anatomy CL:0000384 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000384 Merkel cell A modified epidermal cell located in t