obo-all/biological_process/biological_process.obo file obo-all/biological_process/biological_process.obo biological_process.obo 816c4ba13abaea0da8144f519415bd73 1214339045 1214339046 all all 1 universal This term is the most general term possible is_a is_a relationship inheritance relationship goslim_candida Candida GO slim subset goslim_generic Generic GO slim subset goslim_goa GOA and proteome slim subset goslim_pir PIR GO slim subset goslim_plant Plant GO slim subset goslim_yeast Yeast GO slim subset gosubset_prok Prokaryotic GO subset subset negatively_regulates negatively_regulates gene_ontology OBO_REL:part_of part_of gene_ontology OBO_REL part_of 0 positively_regulates positively_regulates gene_ontology regulates regulates gene_ontology GO:0000001 mitochondrion inheritance biological_process The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton. GOC mcc 1 PMID 10873824 1 PMID 11389764 1 mitochondrial inheritance synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000002 mitochondrial genome maintenance biological_process The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome. GOC ai 1 GOC vw 1 GO:0000003 reproduction biological_process The production by an organism of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism. GOC go_curators 1 GOC isa_complete 1 ISBN 0198506732 1 reproductive physiological process synonym_scope exact exact goslim_generic goslim_pir goslim_plant gosubset_prok GO:0019952 GO:0019952 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0050876 GO:0050876 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0000011 vacuole inheritance biological_process The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton. GOC mcc 1 PMID 10873824 1 PMID 14616069 1 GO:0000012 single strand break repair biological_process The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair. URL http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/D/DNArepair.html 1 gosubset_prok GO:0000017 alpha-glucoside transport biological_process The directed movement of alpha-glucosides into, out of, within or between cells. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar moiety is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration. GOC jl 1 URL http://www.biochem.purdue.edu/ 1 ISBN 0198506732 1 GO:0000018 regulation of DNA recombination biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a process by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. GOC go_curators 1 ISBN 0198506732 1 gosubset_prok GO:0000019 regulation of mitotic recombination biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis. GOC go_curators 1 regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats synonym_scope narrow narrow GO:0000020 negative regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats biological_process 1 is_a obsolete_biological_process obsolete_biological_process biological_process 1 1 OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA. This term was made obsolete because it describes a substrate-specific process. GOC go_curators 1 ISBN 0198506732 1 consider GO:0045950 GO:0000022 mitotic spindle elongation biological_process Lengthening of the distance between poles of the mitotic spindle. GOC mah 1 spindle elongation during mitosis synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000023 maltose metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch. GOC jl 1 ISBN 0198506732 1 malt sugar metabolic process synonym_scope exact exact malt sugar metabolism synonym_scope exact exact maltose metabolism synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000024 maltose biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose). GOC jl 1 ISBN 0198506732 1 malt sugar biosynthesis synonym_scope exact exact malt sugar biosynthetic process synonym_scope exact exact maltose anabolism synonym_scope exact exact maltose biosynthesis synonym_scope exact exact maltose formation synonym_scope exact exact maltose synthesis synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000025 maltose catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose). GOC jl 1 ISBN 0198506732 1 malt sugar catabolic process synonym_scope exact exact malt sugar catabolism synonym_scope exact exact maltose breakdown synonym_scope exact exact maltose degradation synonym_scope exact exact maltose hydrolysis synonym_scope narrow narrow gosubset_prok MetaCyc MALTOSECAT-PWY 0 GO:0000027 ribosomal large subunit assembly and maintenance biological_process The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form and maintain the large ribosomal subunit. GOC jl 1 gosubset_prok GO:0000028 ribosomal small subunit assembly and maintenance biological_process The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form and maintain the small ribosomal subunit. GOC jl 1 gosubset_prok GO:0000032 cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid. GOC ai 1 cell wall mannoprotein anabolism synonym_scope exact exact cell wall mannoprotein biosynthesis synonym_scope exact exact cell wall mannoprotein formation synonym_scope exact exact cell wall mannoprotein synthesis synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000038 very-long-chain fatty acid metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of C18 or greater. GOC hjd 1 very-long-chain fatty acid metabolism synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000040 low-affinity iron ion transport biological_process The directed, low-affinity movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of, within or between cells. In low affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is only present at very low concentrations. GOC mah 1 low affinity iron ion transport synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000041 transition metal ion transport biological_process The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of, within or between cells. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver. ISBN 0198506732 1 transition metal transport synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000042 protein targeting to Golgi biological_process The process of directing proteins towards the Golgi using signals contained within the protein. GOC ai 1 protein-Golgi targeting synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000044 ascorbate stabilization biological_process 1 is_a obsolete_biological_process obsolete_biological_process biological_process 1 1 OBSOLETE. The reduction of the ascorbate free radical to a stable form. This term was made obsolete because it is defined as a function term and is in the process ontology. GOC ai 1 GOC mtg_electron_transport 1 vitamin C stabilization synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000045 autophagic vacuole formation biological_process The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm. PMID 9412464 1 autophagosome biosynthesis synonym_scope exact exact autophagosome formation synonym_scope exact exact PAS formation synonym_scope narrow narrow GO:0000046 autophagic vacuole fusion biological_process The fusion of an autophagic vacuole with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. PMID 11099404 1 fusion of autophagosome with lysosome synonym_scope narrow narrow GO:0000050 urea cycle biological_process A cyclic metabolic pathway that converts waste nitrogen in the form of ammonium to urea. ISBN 0198506732 1 ornithine cycle synonym_scope exact exact urea biosynthesis synonym_scope exact exact urea biosynthetic process synonym_scope exact exact GO:0006594 GO:0006594 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0006871 GO:0006871 synonym_type alt_id alt_id Reactome 211547 0 Reactome 221324 0 Reactome 229964 0 Reactome 237981 0 Reactome 244600 0 Reactome 249543 0 Reactome 252354 0 Reactome 255509 0 Reactome 258881 0 Reactome 262258 0 Reactome 265108 0 Reactome 268232 0 Reactome 273914 0 Reactome 280393 0 Reactome 282778 0 Reactome 286409 0 Reactome 288203 0 Reactome 289764 0 Reactome 290323 0 Reactome 291648 0 Reactome 292335 0 Reactome 293622 0 Reactome 70635 0 GO:0000051 urea cycle intermediate metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the intermediate compounds involved in the urea cycle, a cyclic metabolic pathway that converts waste nitrogen in the form of ammonium to urea. GOC jl 1 ISBN 0198506732 1 urea cycle intermediate metabolism synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000052 citrulline metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins. ISBN 0198506732 1 citrulline metabolism synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000053 argininosuccinate metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(Nw-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate. ISBN 0198506732 1 argininosuccinate metabolism synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000054 ribosome export from nucleus biological_process The directed movement of a ribosome from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. GOC ai 1 ribosome export out of nucleus synonym_scope exact exact ribosome transport from nucleus to cytoplasm synonym_scope exact exact ribosome-nucleus export synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000055 ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus biological_process The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. GOC mah 1 ribosomal large subunit export out of nucleus synonym_scope exact exact ribosomal large subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm synonym_scope exact exact ribosomal large subunit-nucleus export synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000057 GO:0000057 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0000056 ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus biological_process The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. GOC mah 1 ribosomal small subunit export out of nucleus synonym_scope exact exact ribosomal small subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm synonym_scope exact exact ribosomal small subunit-nucleus export synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000058 GO:0000058 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0000059 protein import into nucleus, docking biological_process The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the nuclear localization signal of a protein with nuclear envelope proteins such as importins. GOC isa_complete 1 PMID 7878057 1 protein docking during protein import into nucleus synonym_scope exact exact protein docking during protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus synonym_scope exact exact protein docking during protein-nucleus import synonym_scope exact exact protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus, docking synonym_scope exact exact protein-nucleus import, docking synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000060 protein import into nucleus, translocation biological_process The vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore and across the nuclear envelope. GOC jl 1 GOC vw 1 ISBN 0198506732 1 protein translocation during protein import into nucleus synonym_scope exact exact protein translocation during protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus synonym_scope exact exact protein translocation during protein-nucleus import synonym_scope exact exact protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus, translocation synonym_scope exact exact protein-nucleus import, translocation synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000061 protein import into nucleus, substrate release biological_process The disaggregation of a protein complex composed of the nuclear localization sequence and the importin alpha, and importin beta proteins. PMID 9687515 1 protein substrate release during protein import into nucleus synonym_scope exact exact protein substrate release during protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus synonym_scope exact exact protein substrate release during protein-nucleus import synonym_scope exact exact protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus, substrate release synonym_scope exact exact protein-nucleus import, substrate release synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000066 mitochondrial ornithine transport biological_process The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a mitochondrion. GOC ai 1 GO:0000067 DNA replication and chromosome cycle biological_process 1 is_a obsolete_biological_process obsolete_biological_process biological_process 1 1 OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). This term was made obsolete because it has been superseded by more accurate terms to represent the biological processes occurring, and it is not clear that this term represents a useful concept. GOC ai 1 consider GO:0006260 consider GO:0007059 consider GO:0051276 GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation biological_process The cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GOC ai 1 mitotic chromosome segregation synonym_scope exact exact mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release synonym_scope narrow narrow GO:0016359 GO:0016359 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0000072 M phase specific microtubule process biological_process A microtubule-based process that occurs only during M phase of the cell cycle. GOC mah 1 M-phase specific microtubule process synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000073 spindle pole body separation biological_process A largely uncharacterized process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane. Duplicated SPBs are connected by a bridge structure that may be severed in order to release the SPBs from one another. Following liberation, SPBs diffuse through the nuclear membrane until they are across from each other. SPB separation must take place in order for a bipolar mitotic spindle to assemble. GOC sgd_curators 1 spindle pole body separation (sensu Fungi) synonym_scope exact exact spindle pole body separation (sensu Saccharomyces) synonym_scope narrow narrow GO:0030475 GO:0030475 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0000075 cell cycle checkpoint biological_process A point in the eukaryotic cell cycle where progress through the cycle can be halted until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. GOC mah 1 ISBN 0815316194 1 Reactome 212094 0 Reactome 221853 0 Reactome 230421 0 Reactome 238463 0 Reactome 245004 0 Reactome 249905 0 Reactome 252621 0 Reactome 255806 0 Reactome 259199 0 Reactome 262557 0 Reactome 265381 0 Reactome 268515 0 Reactome 274237 0 Reactome 280705 0 Reactome 282912 0 Reactome 286730 0 Reactome 69620 0 GO:0000076 DNA replication checkpoint biological_process A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that prevents the initiation of mitosis until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome. GOC rn 1 PMID 11728327 1 PMID 12537518 1 GO:0000077 DNA damage checkpoint biological_process A signal transduction pathway, induced by DNA damage, that blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slows the rate at which S phase proceeds. PMID 11891124 1 DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest synonym_scope narrow narrow GO:0000078 cell morphogenesis checkpoint biological_process A cell cycle checkpoint observed when aspects of polarity control are defective, which maintains coordination between the process of cellular morphogenesis and the nuclear events of the cell cycle. For example, in budding yeast cell-cycle delay or arrest is induced when aspects of bud formation are defective. GOC vw 1 PMID 14644188 1 GO:0000079 regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity. GOC go_curators 1 regulation of CDK activity synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000080 G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process Progression through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. ISBN 0815316194 1 Reactome 212033 0 Reactome 221797 0 Reactome 230372 0 Reactome 238411 0 Reactome 69236 0 GO:0000082 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle biological_process Progression from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC mah 1 Reactome 212021 0 Reactome 221784 0 Reactome 230362 0 Reactome 238403 0 Reactome 244953 0 Reactome 249850 0 Reactome 252607 0 Reactome 255745 0 Reactome 259140 0 Reactome 262495 0 Reactome 265325 0 Reactome 268498 0 Reactome 274174 0 Reactome 280647 0 Reactome 282899 0 Reactome 286666 0 Reactome 288375 0 Reactome 289876 0 Reactome 290408 0 Reactome 291794 0 Reactome 293774 0 Reactome 69206 0 GO:0000083 G1/S-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle biological_process Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G1/S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC mah 1 Reactome 69205 0 GO:0000084 S phase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process Progression through S phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place. ISBN 0815316194 1 GO:0000085 G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process Progression through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis. ISBN 0815316194 1 Reactome 211891 0 Reactome 221655 0 Reactome 230246 0 Reactome 238281 0 Reactome 244852 0 Reactome 249746 0 Reactome 268392 0 Reactome 274099 0 Reactome 280573 0 Reactome 68911 0 GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle biological_process Progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC mah 1 Reactome 211972 0 Reactome 221737 0 Reactome 230316 0 Reactome 238398 0 Reactome 244912 0 Reactome 249804 0 Reactome 252543 0 Reactome 255721 0 Reactome 259114 0 Reactome 262473 0 Reactome 265322 0 Reactome 268466 0 Reactome 274171 0 Reactome 280644 0 Reactome 282855 0 Reactome 286663 0 Reactome 69275 0 GO:0000087 M phase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process Progression through M phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis takes place. GOC mah 1 ISBN 0815316194 1 M-phase of mitotic cell cycle synonym_scope exact exact Reactome 212043 0 Reactome 221806 0 Reactome 230379 0 Reactome 238418 0 Reactome 244995 0 Reactome 249877 0 Reactome 252596 0 Reactome 255795 0 Reactome 259176 0 Reactome 262532 0 Reactome 265359 0 Reactome 268488 0 Reactome 282892 0 Reactome 286702 0 Reactome 68886 0 GO:0000088 mitotic prophase biological_process Progression through prophase, the initial stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes are condensed but are not yet attached to a mitotic spindle. ISBN 0815316194 1 Reactome 211977 0 Reactome 221742 0 Reactome 230322 0 Reactome 238359 0 Reactome 244917 0 Reactome 249807 0 Reactome 252546 0 Reactome 255723 0 Reactome 259116 0 Reactome 262475 0 Reactome 268434 0 Reactome 286639 0 Reactome 68875 0 GO:0000089 mitotic metaphase biological_process Progression through metaphase, the stage of mitosis at which chromosomes are firmly attached to the mitotic spindle at its equator but have not yet segregated to opposite poles. ISBN 0815316194 1 Reactome 68879 0 GO:0000090 mitotic anaphase biological_process Progression through anaphase, the stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes separate and move away from each other. ISBN 0815316194 1 Reactome 68882 0 GO:0000091 mitotic anaphase A biological_process Progression through anaphase A, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles. ISBN 0815316194 1 GO:0000092 mitotic anaphase B biological_process Progression through anaphase B, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart. ISBN 0815316194 1 GO:0000093 mitotic telophase biological_process Progression through telophase, the last of the stages of mitosis; in the canonical cell cycle, telophase begins when the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. ISBN 0721662544 1 GO:0000094 septin assembly and septum formation biological_process 1 is_a obsolete_biological_process obsolete_biological_process biological_process 1 1 OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete). This term was made obsolete because it was not defined and the string name implied two separate processes. GOC go_curators 1 consider GO:0000917 consider GO:0000918 consider GO:0000921 GO:0000096 sulfur amino acid metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. GOC ai 1 sulfur amino acid metabolism synonym_scope exact exact sulphur amino acid metabolic process synonym_scope exact exact sulphur amino acid metabolism synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000097 sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. GOC ai 1 sulfur amino acid anabolism synonym_scope exact exact sulfur amino acid biosynthesis synonym_scope exact exact sulfur amino acid formation synonym_scope exact exact sulfur amino acid synthesis synonym_scope exact exact sulphur amino acid biosynthesis synonym_scope exact exact sulphur amino acid biosynthetic process synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000098 sulfur amino acid catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. GOC ai 1 sulfur amino acid breakdown synonym_scope exact exact sulfur amino acid catabolism synonym_scope exact exact sulfur amino acid degradation synonym_scope exact exact sulphur amino acid catabolic process synonym_scope exact exact sulphur amino acid catabolism synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000101 sulfur amino acid transport biological_process The directed movement of amino acids containing sulfur (cystine, methionine and their derivatives) into, out of, within or between cells. GOC ai 1 sulphur amino acid transport synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000103 sulfate assimilation biological_process The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds. GOC jl 1 sulphate assimilation synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000105 histidine biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. GOC go_curators 1 histidine anabolism synonym_scope exact exact histidine biosynthesis synonym_scope exact exact histidine formation synonym_scope exact exact histidine synthesis synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok MetaCyc HISTSYN-PWY 0 GO:0000114 G1-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle biological_process Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC mah 1 GO:0000115 S-phase-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle biological_process A cell cycle process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC mah 1 S-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle synonym_scope exact exact Reactome 69241 0 GO:0000116 G2-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle biological_process Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC mah 1 GO:0000117 G2/M-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle biological_process Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G2/M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC mah 1 Reactome 69274 0 GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. GOC go_curators 1 down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter synonym_scope exact exact down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter synonym_scope exact exact downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter synonym_scope exact exact inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter synonym_scope narrow narrow negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000128 flocculation biological_process The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms. GOC jl 1 goslim_pir gosubset_prok GO:0000132 establishment of mitotic spindle orientation biological_process A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. GOC ems 1 establishment of spindle orientation during mitosis synonym_scope exact exact mitotic spindle orientation synonym_scope exact exact mitotic spindle orientation (sensu Fungi) synonym_scope narrow narrow mitotic spindle orientation (sensu Saccharomyces) synonym_scope narrow narrow orienting of mitotic spindle synonym_scope exact exact GO:0030607 GO:0030607 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0030609 GO:0030609 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0000135 septin checkpoint biological_process A cell cycle checkpoint that detects septin defects and responds by inhibiting the mitotic CDK. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, correct formation of a functional septin cytoskeleton permits the cell to switch to isotropic bud growth and the onset of mitotic chromosome segregation. In the presence of septin defects, the mitotic CDK is inhibited and both the switch to isotropic bud growth and the onset of mitotic chromosome segregation is delayed. PMID 9925642 1 GO:0000147 actin cortical patch assembly biological_process Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells. GOC mah 1 GO:0000154 rRNA modification biological_process The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. The term 'RNA editing' (GO:0016547) was merged into 'RNA modification' (GO:0009451) on the basis of statements in the preface of Modification and Editing of RNA (ISBN:1555811337) that there is no clear distinction between modification and editing. Parallel changes were made for substrate (e.g. tRNA, rRNA, etc.) specific child terms of 'RNA editing'. GOC curators 1 rRNA editing synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0016548 GO:0016548 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0000160 two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay) biological_process A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins. PMID 9191038 1 histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0000161 MAPKKK cascade during osmolarity sensing biological_process MAPKKK cascade involved in signal transduction in response to change in osmotic conditions. PMID 9561267 1 osmolarity sensing, MAPKKK cascade synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000162 tryptophan biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate. GOC mah 1 ISBN 0471331309 1 MetaCyc TRPSYN-PWY 1 aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, anthranilate pathway synonym_scope exact exact tryptophan anabolism synonym_scope exact exact tryptophan biosynthesis synonym_scope exact exact tryptophan formation synonym_scope exact exact tryptophan synthesis synonym_scope exact exact gosubset_prok GO:0009096 GO:0009096 synonym_type alt_id alt_id MetaCyc TRPSYN-PWY 0 GO:0000165 MAPKKK cascade biological_process Cascade of at least three protein kinase activities culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. MAPKKK cascades lie downstream of numerous signaling pathways. GOC mah 1 PMID 9561267 1 ERK/MAPK cascade synonym_scope exact exact MAP kinase cascade synonym_scope exact exact MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade synonym_scope exact exact MAPK cascade synonym_scope exact exact MAPK signaling synonym_scope related related MAPK signalling synonym_scope related related MAPKKK cascade during sporulation (sensu Fungi) synonym_scope narrow narrow MAPKKK cascade during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces) synonym_scope narrow narrow Reactome 109869 0 Reactome 211967 0 Reactome 221732 0 Reactome 230313 0 Reactome 238351 0 Reactome 244909 0 Reactome 249802 0 Reactome 252619 0 Reactome 255804 0 Reactome 259197 0 Reactome 262555 0 Reactome 268509 0 Reactome 274234 0 Reactome 280703 0 Reactome 286727 0 GO:0000167 activation of MAPKKK activity during osmolarity sensing biological_process Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase during osmolarity sensing. PMID 9561267 1 activation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity during osmolarity sensing synonym_scope exact exact osmolarity sensing, activation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity synonym_scope exact exact osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPKKK activity synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000168 activation of MAPKK activity during osmolarity sensing biological_process Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase during osmolarity sensing. PMID 9561267 1 activation of MAP kinase kinase activity during osmolarity sensing synonym_scope exact exact activation of Pbs2 kinase synonym_scope narrow narrow osmolarity sensing, activation of MAP kinase kinase activity synonym_scope exact exact osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPKK activity synonym_scope exact exact GO:0007233 GO:0007233 synonym_type alt_id alt_id GO:0000169 activation of MAPK activity during osmolarity sensing biological_process Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase activity during osmolarity sensing. PMID 9561267 1 osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPK activity synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000173 inactivation of MAPK activity during osmolarity sensing biological_process Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase during osmolarity sensing. PMID 9561267 1 osmolarity sensing, inactivation of MAPK synonym_scope exact exact osmolarity sensing, termination of MAPK activity synonym_scope exact exact termination of MAPK activity during osmolarity sensing synonym_scope exact exact GO:0000174 inactivation of MAPK (mating sensu Saccharomyces) biological_process 1 is_a obsolete_biological_process obsolete_biological_process biological_process 1 1