format-version: 1.0 date: 18:06:2008 13:34 saved-by: annemaglia auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 1.101 default-namespace: amphibanat [Term] id: AAO:0000001 name: adipose_tissue def: "Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000099 ! connective_tissue_proper [Term] id: AAO:0000002 name: alary_cartilage def: "Paired, cup-shaped cartilage that are dorsal to the septomaxillae and anterior to the oblique cartilage. The anterior, convex face of each alary cartilage is synchondrotically fused to the superior prenasal cartilage and the ventral edge is fused to the superior margin of the crista intermedia." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "alinasal cartilage" [] related_synonym: "cartilago alaris" [] related_synonym: "cartilago alaris nasi" [] related_synonym: "cartilago cupullaris" [] related_synonym: "copula anterior" [] related_synonym: "naseflngelknorpel" [] related_synonym: "processus alaris" [] related_synonym: "second upper labial" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000003 name: alary_process_of_premaxilla def: "Dorsal process that extends toward the nasal bone. The posterior (inner) face of each alary process is concave and is invested dorsomedially by the superior prenasal cartilage and ventromedially by the inferior prenasal cartilage." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "dorsal process of premaxilla" [] related_synonym: "pars dorsalis of premaxilla" [] related_synonym: "pars facialis of premaxilla" [] related_synonym: "pars frontalis of premaxilla" [] related_synonym: "pars prenasalis of premaxilla" [] related_synonym: "premaxillary spine" [] related_synonym: "processus ascendens of premaxilla" [] related_synonym: "processus frontalis of premaxilla" [] related_synonym: "processus nasalis of premaxilla" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000461 ! premaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000006 name: alveolar_foramen def: "Foramen for the R. alveolaris of Nerve VII and the alveolar artery." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000273 ! lower_jaw_opening synonym: "inferior dental foramen" RELATED[] [Term] id: AAO:0000007 name: anatomical_system [Term] id: AAO:0000010 name: angular related_synonym: "postoperculare" [] related_synonym: "praearticulare" [] is_a: AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000012 name: angulosplenial_coronoid_process def: "Point of insertion of the adductor mandibulae musculature." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000013 name: animal_tissue is_a: AAO:0000607 ! tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000015 name: anterior_maxillary_process def: "Process that extends anteriorly from the planum triangulare and invests the medial face of the pars facialis of the maxilla." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000016 name: anterior_nasal_wall def: "Paired, vertical, and relatively straight plates that form the anterior limit of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "prenasal wall" [] related_synonym: "solum anterius" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000017 name: anterior_process_of_pars_palatina_of_maxilla relationship: part_of AAO:0000413 ! pars_palatina_of_maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000018 name: anterior_ramus_of_pterygoid def: "In a triradiate pterygoid, the process that extends anteriorly towards the maxilla." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "ramus maxillaris of pterygoid" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid [Term] id: AAO:0000020 name: anterolateral_process_of_frontoparietal relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal [Term] id: AAO:0000022 name: antorbital_process relationship: part_of AAO:0000400 ! pars_facialis_of_maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000024 name: apertura_nasalis_externa def: "Hole on the nasal capsule that connects the nasal cavity with the exterior." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "external naris" [] related_synonym: "external nostril" [] related_synonym: "nostril" [] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000025 name: apertura_nasalis_interna def: "Hole on the nasal capsule that connects the nasal and buccal cavites." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "Choana" [] related_synonym: "internal naris" [] related_synonym: "internal nostril" [] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000027 name: areolar_connective_tissue def: "Also known as loose connective tissue. A pliable, mesh-like tissue with a fluid matrix that functions to cushion and protect body organs." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000099 ! connective_tissue_proper [Term] id: AAO:0000028 name: articular def: "Endochondral ossification of the posterior articular part of Meckel's cartilage." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "angulaire" [] related_synonym: "angulare" [] related_synonym: "dermarticulare" [] related_synonym: "goniale" [] related_synonym: "operculo angulaire" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000031 name: ascending_process_of_palatoquadrate related_synonym: "apophyse ascendens" [] related_synonym: "cartilage craniofacial" [] related_synonym: "oberste abteilung des zweiten visceralbogens" [] related_synonym: "pedicle" [] related_synonym: "pediculus" [] related_synonym: "processus ascendens of palatoquadrate" [] related_synonym: "schlafenflugelknorpel" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000379 ! palatoquadrate [Term] id: AAO:0000032 name: auditory_muscles is_a: AAO:0000107 ! cranial_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000033 name: autonomic_nervous_system is_a: AAO:0000429 ! peripheral_nervous_system [Term] id: AAO:0000034 name: axial_skeleton def: "The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008] related_synonym: "spinal column" [] related_synonym: "vertebral column" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000566 ! skeletal_system [Term] id: AAO:0000036 name: basal_process_of_palatoquadrate def: "Process that extends medially from the ventromedial corner of the palatoquadrate cartilage and articulates or fuses to the anterior wall of the otic capsule via the basitrabecular process." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "processus basalis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000379 ! palatoquadrate [Term] id: AAO:0000037 name: basicranial_fontanelle def: "Ventral opening of the neurocranium." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000038 name: basimandibulare relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000039 name: basioccipital relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000040 name: basisphenoid def: "Endochondral ossification of the ventromedial portion of the braincase." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000041 name: bidders_organ relationship: part_of AAO:0000624 ! urogenital_system [Term] id: AAO:0000042 name: blastoderm is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000043 name: blastodisc is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000044 name: blastomere is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000045 name: blastopore is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000046 name: blood def: "Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000571 ! specialized_connective_tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000047 name: bone def: "Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs; organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000571 ! specialized_connective_tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000049 name: bottle_cells is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000050 name: braincase_and_auditory_apparatus def: "The part of the skull that encloses the brain and surrounds the inner ear." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000109 ! cranial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000051 name: braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening is_a: AAO:0000050 ! braincase_and_auditory_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000052 name: braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton is_a: AAO:0000050 ! braincase_and_auditory_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000053 name: buccal_cavity relationship: part_of AAO:0000129 ! digestive_system [Term] id: AAO:0000054 name: buccopharyngeal_cavity relationship: part_of AAO:0000541 ! respiratory_system [Term] id: AAO:0000057 name: canalis_semircularis_anterior relationship: part_of AAO:0000420 ! pars_superior_of_labyrinth [Term] id: AAO:0000058 name: canalis_semircularis_posterior relationship: part_of AAO:0000420 ! pars_superior_of_labyrinth [Term] id: AAO:0000059 name: capsular_process def: "Narrow process of the skeletal support that projects forward." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000565 ! skeletal_support_for_eminentia_olfactoria [Term] id: AAO:0000060 name: cartilage def: "A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000571 ! specialized_connective_tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000061 name: cartilage_bridge relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000068 name: cartilago_ectochoanalis def: "Lateral cartilaginous border of the fenestra endochoanalis." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000069 name: cartilago_infranarina relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000074 name: cartilago_orbitalis related_synonym: "dorsale randspange" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000078 name: cartilago_prootico-occipitalis relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000079 name: cartilago_retronarina relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000080 name: caudal-sacral_region def: "Region of the vertebral column posterior to the sacrum consisting of two to four vertebrae. The last of these vertebrae is distinguished by the possession of a well-developed haemal arch; it supports the posterior part of the cloaca and marks the posterior limit of the trunk." [AAO:Duellman_and_Treub_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000699 ! vertebral_column_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000081 name: caudal_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000307 ! muscular_system [Term] id: AAO:0000082 name: caudal_region def: "Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] related_synonym: "postsacral region" [] related_synonym: "tail region" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000699 ! vertebral_column_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000085 name: cavum_inferius def: "Accessory cavity located ventral to the cavum principale and cavum medius." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000314 ! nasal_cavity [Term] id: AAO:0000086 name: cavum_internasale is_a: AAO:0000314 ! nasal_cavity [Term] id: AAO:0000087 name: cavum_medius def: "Small accessory cavity located between the cavum principale and cavum inferius." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000314 ! nasal_cavity [Term] id: AAO:0000088 name: cavum_praenasale is_a: AAO:0000314 ! nasal_cavity [Term] id: AAO:0000089 name: cavum_principale def: "Largest and most dorsal of the nasal cavities." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000314 ! nasal_cavity [Term] id: AAO:0000090 name: central_nervous_system relationship: part_of AAO:0000324 ! nervous_system [Term] id: AAO:0000091 name: cervical_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000307 ! muscular_system [Term] id: AAO:0000092 name: cervical_region def: "Anterior region of the vertebral column consisting of one to 19 or 20 vertebrae." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000699 ! vertebral_column_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000093 name: choana def: "Opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000541 ! respiratory_system [Term] id: AAO:0000094 name: chondrocranium is_a: AAO:0000265 ! larval_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000095 name: cloaca relationship: part_of AAO:0000624 ! urogenital_system [Term] id: AAO:0000098 name: connective_tissue def: "One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000013 ! animal_tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000099 name: connective_tissue_proper is_a: AAO:0000098 ! connective_tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000103 name: coronoid relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000104 name: coronoid_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000107 name: cranial_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000307 ! muscular_system [Term] id: AAO:0000108 name: cranial_nerves relationship: part_of AAO:0000324 ! nervous_system [Term] id: AAO:0000109 name: cranial_skeleton def: "Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000566 ! skeletal_system [Term] id: AAO:0000110 name: crista_contacta def: "Thin, horizontal ridge that extends medially from the corpus of the septomaxilla; it lays on the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000645 ! corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000111 name: crista_dentalis_of_maxilla relationship: part_of AAO:0000396 ! pars_dentalis_of_maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000112 name: crista_dentalis_of_premaxilla related_synonym: "dental ridge of premaxilla" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000397 ! pars_dentalis_of_premaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000113 name: crista_intermedia def: "Paired, oblique plates of cartilage located ventral to the alary cartilages. The dorsomedial margin of each crista intermedia is fused to the transitional zone between the septum nasi and the tectum nasi, whereas the ventrolateral margin bears two laminae, the lamina superior and the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000115 name: crista_lateralis_of_premaxilla relationship: part_of AAO:0000461 ! premaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000116 name: crista_parotica related_synonym: "processus muscularis capsulae auditivae" [] related_synonym: "processus squamosus" [] related_synonym: "tegmen tympani" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000117 name: crista_subnasalis def: "Ventral crest of the paries nasi." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "subnasal crest" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000118 name: crista_supraorbitalis def: "Short and blunt process that extends posteriorly from the posteromedial margin of the postnasal wall, on the anterodorsal corner of the orbit above the medial orbitonasal foramen." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000119 name: cutaneous_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000611 ! trunk_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000121 name: dense_connective_tissue def: "Also known as fibrous connective tissue. Forms ligaments and tendons and is characterized by densely packed collagen fibers that have great tensile strength." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000099 ! connective_tissue_proper [Term] id: AAO:0000124 name: dentary def: "Ossified element of intramembranous origin that invests the lateral margin of the mentomeckelian bone and Meckel's cartilage, thus forming the lateral margin of the mandible." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "dentale" [] related_synonym: "os dentale" [] related_synonym: "sur-angulaire" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000125 name: dentary_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000126 name: dentition def: "Dentition refers to set of teeth, especially with regard to their number, kind, and arrangement, in the mouth." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000109 ! cranial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000128 name: dermis is_a: AAO:0000239 ! integument [Term] id: AAO:0000129 name: digestive_system is_a: AAO:0000007 ! anatomical_system [Term] id: AAO:0000130 name: digestive_system_glands relationship: part_of AAO:0000129 ! digestive_system [Term] id: AAO:0000131 name: dilatatio_alaris def: "Flange that extends ventrally from about the middle portion of the margo mandibularis." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "ventral flange of anterior ramus of pterygoid" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000280 ! margo_mandibularis_of_pterygoid [Term] id: AAO:0000132 name: dorsal_plate relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000135 name: ductus_endolymphaticus relationship: part_of AAO:0000141 ! endolymphatic_system [Term] id: AAO:0000136 name: ductus_perilymphaticus relationship: part_of AAO:0000428 ! perilymphatic_system [Term] id: AAO:0000137 name: ectoderm is_a: AAO:0000480 ! primary_germ_layer [Term] id: AAO:0000138 name: embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000139 name: endoderm is_a: AAO:0000480 ! primary_germ_layer [Term] id: AAO:0000141 name: endolymphatic_system relationship: part_of AAO:0000238 ! inner_ear [Term] id: AAO:0000142 name: epaxial_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000611 ! trunk_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000143 name: epidermis is_a: AAO:0000239 ! integument [Term] id: AAO:0000144 name: epithelium def: "One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissues composed of layers of cells that cover organ surfaces such as surface of the skin and inner lining of digestive tract." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000013 ! animal_tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000145 name: esophagus relationship: part_of AAO:0000129 ! digestive_system [Term] id: AAO:0000146 name: eustachian_canal def: "Furrow on the ventral surface of the otic capsule, and occasionally also the parasphenoid, that houses the Eustachian tube." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000147 name: exoccipital def: "Endochondral bone that forms the posterior end of the neurocranium and the margin of the foramen magnum. In addition, this bone contributes to the posteromedial portion of the otic capsule and forms the occipital condyle." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "exoccipitale" [] related_synonym: "occipitale laterale" [] related_synonym: "opisthoticum" [] related_synonym: "pleurooccipitale" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000155 name: extremitas_anterior def: "Large anterior outgrowth of the septomaxilla that is directed into the space between the alary cartilage and the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "anterior ramus" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000556 ! septomaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000156 name: eye_muscles is_a: AAO:0000107 ! cranial_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000157 name: fat_bodies relationship: part_of AAO:0000624 ! urogenital_system [Term] id: AAO:0000160 name: fenestra_dorsalis_nasi is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000161 name: fenestra_endochoanalis def: "Opening on the ventral aspect of the nasal capsule. It contains the apertura nasalis interna." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "fenestra exochoanalis" [] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000162 name: fenestra_endonarina_communis def: "Opening on the anterolateral aspect of the nasal capsule. It contains the apertura nasalis externa." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "apertura nasalis externa" [] related_synonym: "fenestra narina" [] related_synonym: "narial fenestra" [] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000164 name: fenestra_lateralis_nasi def: "Opening on the lateral side of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "fenestra infraconchalis" [] related_synonym: "fenestra retronarina" [] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000166 name: fenestra_nasobasalis def: "Small opening at the anterior tip of the nasal capsule, on the floor of the cavum inferius. It is located medially to the base of the inferior prenasal cartilage and serves for the passage of the ramus medialis narium and arteria orbitonasalis." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "basal fenestra" [] related_synonym: "fenestra basalis nasi" [] related_synonym: "foramen apicale" [] related_synonym: "foramen epiphaniale" [] related_synonym: "nasobasal fenestra" [] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000167 name: fenestra_nasolateralis def: "Elongated opening located on the lateral side of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000169 name: fenestra_ovalis related_synonym: "fenestra vestibuli" [] related_synonym: "foramen ovale" [] is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000170 name: fenestra_precerebralis is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000171 name: fenestra_prechoanalis def: "Large opening of the nasal floor anterior to the fenestra endochoanalis." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000177 name: flange_of_quadratojugal relationship: part_of AAO:0000532 ! quadratojugal [Term] id: AAO:0000178 name: footplate_of_pars_media_plectri def: "Independent, horizontal bar of cartilage located on the anterior part of the fenestra ovalis in front of the pars interna plectri." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "fenestral plate" [] related_synonym: "interstapediale" [] related_synonym: "otostapes" [] related_synonym: "pars otica columellae" [] related_synonym: "pseudooperculum" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000408 ! pars_media_plectri [Term] id: AAO:0000179 name: foramen_acusticum related_synonym: "acoustic foramen" [] is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000180 name: foramen_acusticum_anterius relationship: part_of AAO:0000179 ! foramen_acusticum [Term] id: AAO:0000181 name: foramen_acusticum_maius relationship: part_of AAO:0000180 ! foramen_acusticum_anterius [Term] id: AAO:0000182 name: foramen_acusticum_minus relationship: part_of AAO:0000180 ! foramen_acusticum_anterius [Term] id: AAO:0000183 name: foramen_acusticum_posterius relationship: part_of AAO:0000179 ! foramen_acusticum [Term] id: AAO:0000185 name: foramen_endolymphaticum related_synonym: "endolymphatic foramen" [] is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000189 name: foramen_orbitonasale_laterale is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000190 name: foramen_orbitonasale_mediale related_synonym: "canalis orbitonasalis" [] related_synonym: "canalis orbitonasalis medialis" [] related_synonym: "foramen orbitonasale" [] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000192 name: foramen_perilymphaticum is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000193 name: foramen_perilymphaticum_accessorium relationship: part_of AAO:0000192 ! foramen_perilymphaticum [Term] id: AAO:0000194 name: foramen_perilymphaticum_superius related_synonym: "foramen rotundum" [] related_synonym: "superior perilymphatic formaen" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000192 ! foramen_perilymphaticum [Term] id: AAO:0000195 name: foramen_perilymphaticus_inferius related_synonym: "foramen pro aquaeducto cochleae" [] related_synonym: "inferior perilymphatic foramen" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000192 ! foramen_perilymphaticum [Term] id: AAO:0000199 name: fore_propodium def: "Segment of the forearm corresponding to the humerus." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] is_a: AAO:0000202 ! forelimb_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000200 name: fore_epipodium def: "Segment of the forearm corresponding to the radius and ulna." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] related_synonym: "antibrachium" [] is_a: AAO:0000202 ! forelimb_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000201 name: fore_mesopodium def: "Segment of the forearm corresponding to the carpus. It consists of several elements that articulate with the radius and ulna at one end and the metacarpals at the other end." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] is_a: AAO:0000202 ! forelimb_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000202 name: forelimb_skeleton def: "Skeletal structure of the paired, anterior appendages." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000205 ! forelimb [Term] id: AAO:0000203 name: forelimb_muscles_proper is_a: AAO:0000204 ! forelimb_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000204 name: forelimb_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000307 ! muscular_system [Term] id: AAO:0000205 name: forelimb def: "Upper limb, which connects the manus with the pectoral girdle." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000747 ! appendicular_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000206 name: frontal relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000207 name: frontoparietal def: "Paired bone of intramembranous origin that roofs the braincase." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "fronto-parietaux" [] related_synonym: "os fronto-parietale" [] related_synonym: "parietaux" [] related_synonym: "parietofrontal" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000208 name: frontoparietal_constriction relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal [Term] id: AAO:0000209 name: frontoparietal_fontanelle def: "Dorsal opening of the neurocranium." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000211 name: germ_ring is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000212 name: glands is_a: AAO:0000239 ! integument [Term] id: AAO:0000213 name: gonad relationship: part_of AAO:0000624 ! urogenital_system [Term] id: AAO:0000216 name: hind_epipodium def: "Segment of the leg corresponding to the tibia and fibula." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] is_a: AAO:0000217 ! hind_limb_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000217 name: hind_limb_skeleton def: "Skeletal structure of the paired, posterior appendages." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000219 ! hind_limb [Term] id: AAO:0000218 name: hind_limb_muscles_proper is_a: AAO:0000222 ! hindlimb_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000219 name: hind_limb def: "Lower limb, which connects the pes with the pelvic girdle." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000747 ! appendicular_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000220 name: hind_mesopodium def: "Segment of the leg corresponding to the tarsus. It consists of several elements that articulate with the tibia and fibula at one end and the metatarsals at the other end." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] is_a: AAO:0000217 ! hind_limb_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000221 name: hind_metapodium def: "Segment of the leg corresponding to the metatarsus, which articulates with the carpals at one end and with the phalanges at the other end." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] is_a: AAO:0000217 ! hind_limb_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000222 name: hindlimb_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000307 ! muscular_system [Term] id: AAO:0000224 name: hyobranchial_muscles is_a: AAO:0000107 ! cranial_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000225 name: hyoid_apparatus def: "Apparatus located in the floor of the mouth, under the mandibular arcade. The apparatus consists of a central corpus and four pairs of processes. This apparatus serves as the site of insertion for a variety of muscles associated with movements of the tongue and as the origin of the m. hyoglossus." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] related_synonym: "hyobranchial apparatus" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000226 ! hyolaryngeal_complex [Term] id: AAO:0000226 name: hyolaryngeal_complex def: "Complex formed by two units, the hyoid and laryngeal apparatuses, which are both derived from the larval hyobranchial skeleton." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000566 ! skeletal_system [Term] id: AAO:0000228 name: hypaxial_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000611 ! trunk_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000229 name: hypoblast is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000234 name: inferior_prenasal_cartilage def: "Elongate cartilage that extends anteroventrally from the solum nasi to abut the ventral portion of the posterior aspect of the alary process of the premaxilla. It was first discribed by Wiedersheim in 1876." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "inferior prenasal process" [] related_synonym: "processus prenasalis inferior" [] related_synonym: "processus prenasalis inferior lateralis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000237 name: infrarrostral_cartilage relationship: part_of AAO:0000094 ! chondrocranium [Term] id: AAO:0000238 name: inner_ear relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000239 name: integument is_a: AAO:0000007 ! anatomical_system [Term] id: AAO:0000246 name: intestines relationship: part_of AAO:0000129 ! digestive_system [Term] id: AAO:0000247 name: jaw_muscles is_a: AAO:0000107 ! cranial_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000249 name: jugular_foramen def: "Large foramen that houses the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and is located inside the condyloid fossa." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000250 name: kidney relationship: part_of AAO:0000624 ! urogenital_system [Term] id: AAO:0000253 name: lagena relationship: part_of AAO:0000550 ! sacculus [Term] id: AAO:0000254 name: lamella_alaris def: "Dorsal plate of the squamosal." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "horizontal arm of squamosal" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000574 ! squamosal [Term] id: AAO:0000255 name: lamina_anterior_of_pars_facialis relationship: part_of AAO:0000400 ! pars_facialis_of_maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000259 name: lamina_inferior def: "Lateral expansion of the crista intermedia that serves as the floor of the cavum medium." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "lamina inferior cristae intermediae" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000260 name: lamina_nariochoanalis def: "Free, dorsal margin of the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000262 name: lamina_orbitonasalis def: "In the larva, structure that is fused to the wall of the braincase, lateral to the olfactory foramen, and separates the nasal capsule and orbit. In the adult frog it constitutes the ventral part of postnasal wall." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000263 name: lamina_precerebralis def: "Posterior face of septum nasi." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000264 name: lamina_superior def: "Lateral expansion of the crista intermedia that serves as the roof of the cavum medium." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "Lamina superior cristae intermediae" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000265 name: larval_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000267 name: laryngeal_apparatus def: "Apparatus located between the lungs and the buccal cavity. This apparatus is composed of a pair of arytenoid cartilages that are supported by the cricoid ring." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000226 ! hyolaryngeal_complex [Term] id: AAO:0000268 name: larynx relationship: part_of AAO:0000541 ! respiratory_system [Term] id: AAO:0000269 name: lateral_line_system is_a: AAO:0000555 ! sensory_system [Term] id: AAO:0000272 name: lower_jaw def: "Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000109 ! cranial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000273 name: lower_jaw_opening is_a: AAO:0000272 ! lower_jaw [Term] id: AAO:0000274 name: lower_jaw_skeleton is_a: AAO:0000272 ! lower_jaw [Term] id: AAO:0000275 name: lungs relationship: part_of AAO:0000541 ! respiratory_system [Term] id: AAO:0000277 name: mandibular_symphysis relationship: part_of AAO:0000272 ! lower_jaw [Term] id: AAO:0000280 name: margo_mandibularis_of_pterygoid def: "Ventrally directed margin that connects the anterior and posterior rami of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid [Term] id: AAO:0000281 name: margo_orbitalis_of_maxilla def: "Dorsal margin of the maxilla between the frontal and zygomatico-maxillary processes." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000282 name: margo_orbitalis_of_pterygoid def: "Margin that connects the anterior and medial rami of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid [Term] id: AAO:0000283 name: margo_orbitalis_of_squamosal def: "Anterior margin of the squamosal that takes part in the formation of the orbit." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella_alaris [Term] id: AAO:0000284 name: margo_tympanicus_of_pterygoid def: "Margin that connects the posterior and medial rami of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid [Term] id: AAO:0000285 name: maxilla def: "Paired, intramembranous bone located on the lateral sides of the skull, posterior to the premaxillae." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "os maxillaire" [] related_synonym: "os maxillare superior" [] related_synonym: "os maxillo-jugaux" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000622 ! upper_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000287 name: maxillary_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000288 name: maxillopalatine relationship: part_of AAO:0000622 ! upper_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000289 name: Meckel's_cartilage def: "Paired, rod-shaped elements that extend the length of the mandible and lie between the dentaries and the angulosplenials." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000290 name: medial_inferior_prenasal_cartilage relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000291 name: medial_orbitonasal_foramen def: "Opening on the postnasal wall for the medial branch (= ramus medialis nasi) of the ophthalmicus nerve." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000292 name: medial_ramus_of_pterygoid def: "In a triradiate pterygoid, the process that extends medially towards the otic capsule." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "ramus interior of pterygoid" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid [Term] id: AAO:0000294 name: median_prenasal_process def: "Anterior projection of the septum nasi that protrudes through the anterior nasal wall." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "processus prenasalis medius" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000559 ! septum_nasi [Term] id: AAO:0000295 name: median_symphysis relationship: part_of AAO:0000620 ! upper_jaw [Term] id: AAO:0000298 name: mental_foramen is_a: AAO:0000273 ! lower_jaw_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000301 name: mentomeckelian def: "Paired, cylindrical, and small bones of endochondral origin that lie anteromedial to the anterior end of Meckel's cartilage. The precursors of the mentomeckelian bones are the larval infrarostral cartilages." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000303 name: mesethmoid def: "Endochondral ossification of the anteromedial portion of the braincase." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000304 name: mesoderm is_a: AAO:0000480 ! primary_germ_layer [Term] id: AAO:0000306 name: muscle_tissue def: "One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000013 ! animal_tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000307 name: muscular_system is_a: AAO:0000007 ! anatomical_system [Term] id: AAO:0000309 name: narial_muscles is_a: AAO:0000107 ! cranial_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000311 name: naris relationship: part_of AAO:0000541 ! respiratory_system [Term] id: AAO:0000312 name: nasal def: "Paired bone of intramembranous origin that roofs the olfactory capsule." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "frontaux anterieurs" [] related_synonym: "fronto-nasale" [] related_synonym: "fronto-nasaux" [] related_synonym: "nasale" [] related_synonym: "nasenstirnbein" [] related_synonym: "supraethmoid" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000313 name: nasal_capsule def: "Structure that has both respiratory and olfactory functions and lies anterior to the braincase, in the foremost section of the cranium." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000109 ! cranial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000314 name: nasal_cavity def: "Saclike space internal to the nasal capsule lined by respiratory and sensory epithelium and glandular tissue." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000313 ! nasal_capsule [Term] id: AAO:0000316 name: nasal_opening is_a: AAO:0000313 ! nasal_capsule [Term] id: AAO:0000320 name: nasal_skeleton def: "Structural framework that provides support to the nasal sacs and ducts." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000313 ! nasal_capsule [Term] id: AAO:0000323 name: nasopremaxilla relationship: part_of AAO:0000622 ! upper_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000324 name: nervous_system is_a: AAO:0000007 ! anatomical_system [Term] id: AAO:0000325 name: nervous_tissue def: "One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000013 ! animal_tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000327 name: notochord def: "Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column." [AAO:Pugener_2002] is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000329 name: oblique_cartilage def: "Semi-circular cartilaginous sheet that lies lateral to the side of the septum nasi." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "cartilago obliqua" [] related_synonym: "cartilago obliqua nasi" [] related_synonym: "cartilago obliquo" [] related_synonym: "dorsal process" [] related_synonym: "lamina obliqua" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000330 name: occipital_condyle relationship: part_of AAO:0000147 ! exoccipital [Term] id: AAO:0000332 name: oculomotor_foramen is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000333 name: olfactory_foramen is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000334 name: olfactory_system relationship: part_of AAO:0000555 ! sensory_system [Term] id: AAO:0000341 name: optic_fenestra is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000342 name: optic_foramen is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000343 name: orbit is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000344 name: orbitonasal_foramen def: "Foramen that forms a passage for one of the branches of the trigeminal nerve into the nasal region." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000345 name: orbitosphenoid def: "Endochondral ossification of the lateral sides of the braincase." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000346 name: organizer is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000347 name: os_articulare def: "Ossified posterior articular portion of Meckel's cartilage." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000289 ! Meckel's_cartilage [Term] id: AAO:0000348 name: os_basale relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000362 name: other_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000307 ! muscular_system [Term] id: AAO:0000363 name: otic_ligament relationship: part_of AAO:0000379 ! palatoquadrate [Term] id: AAO:0000364 name: otic_plate_of_pterygoid def: "Osseous expansion of the posterior and medial rami of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid [Term] id: AAO:0000365 name: otic_process_of_palatoquadrate relationship: part_of AAO:0000379 ! palatoquadrate [Term] id: AAO:0000367 name: otic_ramus_of_squamosal def: "Ramus (process) that extends medially toward the otic capsule." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "posterior ramus" [] related_synonym: "ramus paroticus" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella_alaris [Term] id: AAO:0000368 name: otoccipital def: "Fused prootic and exoccipital bones." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000371 name: ovary is_a: AAO:0000213 ! gonad [Term] id: AAO:0000372 name: palatine def: "Sliver of bone that invest part of or all the posterior aspect of each antorbital plane." [AAO:LAP] broad_synonym: "neopalatine" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000374 name: palatine_process_of_pars_palatina_of_premaxilla related_synonym: "median palatal squame " [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000414 ! pars_palatina_of_premaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000375 name: palatine_process_of_the_pars_facialis_of_the_maxilla relationship: part_of AAO:0000400 ! pars_facialis_of_maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000376 name: palatine_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000379 name: palatoquadrate def: "Column of catilage, remnant in the adult of the larval palatoquadrate cartilage, that is located lateral or antero-lateral to the auditory capsule." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000596 ! suspensorium [Term] id: AAO:0000380 name: palatoquadrate_articular_process relationship: part_of AAO:0000379 ! palatoquadrate [Term] id: AAO:0000381 name: paranasal_commissure def: "Cartilaginous bridge that extends posteriorly to the anterolateral corner of the posterior nasal wall." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "commissura lateralis nasi" [] related_synonym: "connection between lamina nariochoanalis and postnasal wall" [] related_synonym: "processus lingularis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000384 name: parasagittal_crest relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal [Term] id: AAO:0000385 name: parasphenoid def: "Azygous, median bone of intramembranous origin that underlies the ventral surface of the braincase." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "keilbein" [] related_synonym: "os parasphenoidale" [] related_synonym: "os sphenoideum" [] related_synonym: "parabasale" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000386 name: cultriform_process def: "Process that extends anteriorly from the orbitotemporal region." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "pars medialis" [] related_synonym: "rostrum" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000385 ! parasphenoid [Term] id: AAO:0000387 name: subotic_ala def: "Paired, lateral processes that, when present, support the otic capsules ventrally." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "processus lateralis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000385 ! parasphenoid [Term] id: AAO:0000388 name: parasphenoid_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000389 name: paries_nasi def: "Paired, elongate, ventrolaterally-orieted cartilaginous structures that extend to the premaxilla-maxilla articulation." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000390 name: parietal relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000393 name: pars_amphibiorum relationship: part_of AAO:0000550 ! sacculus [Term] id: AAO:0000394 name: pars_articularis_of_mandibular_arch def: "Posterior end of Meckel's cartilage that forms the articular head of the mandibular arch." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000289 ! Meckel's_cartilage [Term] id: AAO:0000395 name: pars_basilaris relationship: part_of AAO:0000550 ! sacculus [Term] id: AAO:0000396 name: pars_dentalis_of_maxilla def: "Tooth-bearing part of the maxilla." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "crista dentalis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000397 name: pars_dentalis_of_premaxilla def: "Tooth-bearing part of the premaxilla." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000461 ! premaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000399 name: pars_externa_plectri related_synonym: "extracolumellare" [] related_synonym: "extrapediale" [] related_synonym: "extraplectral" [] related_synonym: "extrastapes" [] related_synonym: "hyostapes" [] related_synonym: "medio-stapedial" [] related_synonym: "pars quadrata columellae" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000443 ! plectral_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000400 name: pars_facialis_of_maxilla relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000401 name: pars_facialis_of_maxillopalatine relationship: part_of AAO:0000288 ! maxillopalatine [Term] id: AAO:0000405 name: pars_inferior_of_labyrinth relationship: part_of AAO:0000238 ! inner_ear [Term] id: AAO:0000406 name: pars_interna_plectri def: "Plate-like structure that lies in the fenestra ovalis. It arises within the membrana opercularis in the posterior part of the fenestra." [AOO:LAP] related_synonym: "operculum auris" [] related_synonym: "operculum fenestrae ovalis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000443 ! plectral_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000408 name: pars_media_plectri relationship: part_of AAO:0000443 ! plectral_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000413 name: pars_palatina_of_maxilla def: "Lingual ledge on the inner surface of the maxilla." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "lamina horizontalis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000414 name: pars_palatina_of_premaxilla def: "Lingual ledge on the inner surface of the premaxilla." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000461 ! premaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000420 name: pars_superior_of_labyrinth relationship: part_of AAO:0000238 ! inner_ear [Term] id: AAO:0000422 name: pectoral_girdle def: "Skeletal structure immediately behind the head attached to the vertebral column by muscles and supporting the forelimbs." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "shoulder girdle" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000747 ! appendicular_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000423 name: pectoral_girdle_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000204 ! forelimb_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000426 name: pelvic_girdle def: "Skeletal structure by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000747 ! appendicular_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000427 name: pelvic_girdle_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000222 ! hindlimb_muscles [Term] id: AAO:0000428 name: perilymphatic_system relationship: part_of AAO:0000238 ! inner_ear [Term] id: AAO:0000429 name: peripheral_nervous_system is_a: AAO:0000324 ! nervous_system [Term] id: AAO:0000430 name: pigment_cells is_a: AAO:0000239 ! integument [Term] id: AAO:0000431 name: pila_antotica relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000432 name: pila_metoptica relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000433 name: pineal_foramen relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal [Term] id: AAO:0000434 name: planum_antorbitale relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000437 name: planum_conchale relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000438 name: planum_internasale relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000440 name: planum_terminale def: "Vertical plate of cartilage that is fused posterodorsally to the oblique cartilage and anteriorly to the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "pars terminalis" [] related_synonym: "terminal plate" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000441 name: planum_triangulare def: "Cartilaginous, distal expansion of the lamina orbitonasalis that invests the pars facialis of the maxilla medially." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000443 name: plectral_apparatus def: "Complex sound-conducting anatomical structure." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000446 name: posterior_condyle relationship: part_of AAO:0000515 ! pseudoangular [Term] id: AAO:0000448 name: posterior_maxillary_process def: "Process that extends posteriorly from the planum triangulare and invests the maxilla laterally and the anterior ramus of the pterygoid medially." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000449 name: posterior_maxillary_process_dorsal_process relationship: part_of AAO:0000448 ! posterior_maxillary_process [Term] id: AAO:0000450 name: posterior_mental_process relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000451 name: posterior_ramus_of_pterygoid def: "In a triradiate pterygoid, the process that extends posterolaterally towards the jaw articulation." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid [Term] id: AAO:0000453 name: posterolateral_vomerine_process relationship: part_of AAO:0000633 ! vomer [Term] id: AAO:0000454 name: postnasal_wall def: "Paired, anteriorly concave structures that form the posterior limit of nasal capsule. It consists of two parts: a ventral piece, the lamina orbitonasalis, and a dorsal plate that is part of the tectum nasi." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000458 name: prearticular def: "Osseous element of intramembranous origin that extends along the lingual margin of Meckel's cartilage." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000459 name: prearticular_coronoid_process def: "Point of insertion of the masticatory musculature." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000458 ! prearticular [Term] id: AAO:0000460 name: prefrontal relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000461 name: premaxilla def: "Paired, intramembranous bones located at the anterior end of the skull; they form the anterior-most segment of the maxillary arch." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "intermaxillaire" [] related_synonym: "premaxillary" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000622 ! upper_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000464 name: premaxillary_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000467 name: preorbital_process_of_the_pars_facialis_of_the_maxilla relationship: part_of AAO:0000400 ! pars_facialis_of_maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000468 name: presumptive_blood is_a: AAO:0000479 ! presumptive_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000469 name: presumptive_central_nervous_system is_a: AAO:0000477 ! presumptive_nervous_system [Term] id: AAO:0000470 name: presumptive_ectoderm is_a: AAO:0000479 ! presumptive_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000471 name: presumptive_endoderm is_a: AAO:0000479 ! presumptive_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000472 name: presumptive_enteric_nervous_system is_a: AAO:0000477 ! presumptive_nervous_system [Term] id: AAO:0000473 name: presumptive_epidermis is_a: AAO:0000475 ! presumptive_integument [Term] id: AAO:0000474 name: presumptive_hypochord is_a: AAO:0000479 ! presumptive_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000475 name: presumptive_integument is_a: AAO:0000479 ! presumptive_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000476 name: presumptive_mesoderm is_a: AAO:0000479 ! presumptive_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000477 name: presumptive_nervous_system is_a: AAO:0000479 ! presumptive_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000478 name: presumptive_notochord is_a: AAO:0000479 ! presumptive_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000479 name: presumptive_structure is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000480 name: primary_germ_layer is_a: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000486 name: processus_ascendens_plectri def: "Cartilaginous or ligamentous connection between the pars externa plectri and the crista parotica." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "laterohyale" [] related_synonym: "processus ascendens columellae" [] related_synonym: "processus dorsalis columellae" [] related_synonym: "processus superior columellae" [] related_synonym: "suprastapediale" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000399 ! pars_externa_plectri [Term] id: AAO:0000492 name: processus_infrafenestralis def: "Posterior part of the corpus of the septomaxilla; the posterior surface of the processus infrafenestralis is in contact with the oblique cartilage." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "dorsal crest" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000645 ! corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000493 name: processus_internus relationship: part_of AAO:0000515 ! pseudoangular [Term] id: AAO:0000494 name: processus_lingualis_of_pterygoid def: "Dorsolateral process of the of the medial ramus of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000292 ! medial_ramus_of_pterygoid [Term] id: AAO:0000500 name: processus_posterior_of_maxilla def: "Posterior, toothless portion of the maxilla by which it usually comes in contact with the quadratojugal." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000505 name: processus_pterygoideus_of_maxilla def: "Posterior end of the pars palatina of the maxilla that is in contact with the anterior ramus of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000413 ! pars_palatina_of_maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000509 name: processus_suprafenestralis relationship: part_of AAO:0000645 ! corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000512 name: processus_zygomatico-maxillaris def: "Posterodorsal extension of the maxilla by which it establishes contact with the squamosal." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000514 name: prootic def: "Paired, endochondral bones that form the lateral borders of the posterior portion of the braincase and the dorsal, anterior, and lateral walls of the otic capsules." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000515 name: pseudoangular relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000516 name: pseudobasal_process relationship: part_of AAO:0000379 ! palatoquadrate [Term] id: AAO:0000518 name: pseudodentary relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000519 name: pseudodentary_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000521 name: pterygoid def: "Palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie anterior to the otic capsules, lateral to the orbits, and medial to the maxillae." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "pterygoidien" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000596 ! suspensorium [Term] id: AAO:0000523 name: pterygoid_process_of_palatoquadrate def: "Process that extends anteriorly from the anterolateral margin of the palatoquadrate and articulates or synchondrotically fuses to the posterior end of the posterior maxillary process." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000379 ! palatoquadrate [Term] id: AAO:0000524 name: pterygoquadrate relationship: part_of AAO:0000596 ! suspensorium [Term] id: AAO:0000525 name: quadrate_bone def: "Ossified pars articularis of the palatoquadrate cartilage." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000596 ! suspensorium [Term] id: AAO:0000527 name: quadrate_process_of_palatoquadrate relationship: part_of AAO:0000379 ! palatoquadrate [Term] id: AAO:0000532 name: quadratojugal def: "Paired intramembranous bones that completes the maxillary arch posteriorly; they appear at the end of, or just after, metamorphosis." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "jugau" [] related_synonym: "os jugale" [] related_synonym: "quadratjochbeine" [] related_synonym: "quadrato-jugals" [] related_synonym: "quadrato-maxillare" [] related_synonym: "quadratojugale" [] related_synonym: "tympano maleaux" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000622 ! upper_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000538 name: recessus_fenestrae_ovalis relationship: part_of AAO:0000428 ! perilymphatic_system [Term] id: AAO:0000539 name: recessus_marsupiatus_of_premaxilla relationship: part_of AAO:0000461 ! premaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000540 name: recessus_vaginiformis relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000541 name: respiratory_system is_a: AAO:0000007 ! anatomical_system [Term] id: AAO:0000542 name: reticular_connective_tissue def: "Network of reticular fibres (fine collagen) that form a soft skeleton to support the lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000099 ! connective_tissue_proper [Term] id: AAO:0000543 name: retroarticular_process def: "Point of insertion of the m. interhuoideus posterior." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000515 ! pseudoangular [Term] id: AAO:0000545 name: rib def: "Endochondral, rodlike element that articulates with the transverse process and parapophysis (double-headed rib), or with the transverse process only (single-headed rib); it extends into the body wall and provides a site for muscle attachment." [AAO:Pugener_2002] related_synonym: "dorsal rib" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000699 ! vertebral_column_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000547 name: rostral_process relationship: part_of AAO:0000312 ! nasal [Term] id: AAO:0000550 name: sacculus relationship: part_of AAO:0000405 ! pars_inferior_of_labyrinth [Term] id: AAO:0000551 name: saccus_endolymphaticus relationship: part_of AAO:0000141 ! endolymphatic_system [Term] id: AAO:0000552 name: sacrum def: "Enlarged vertebra with transverse processes (diapophyses), and ocassionally ribs, that are modified and elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000724 ! sacral_region [Term] id: AAO:0000555 name: sensory_system relationship: part_of AAO:0000324 ! nervous_system [Term] id: AAO:0000556 name: septomaxilla def: "Paired, intramembranous bones located within the nasal capsules and embedded in the nasal cartilages; it is pierced by the ductus nasolacrimalis." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "internasale" [] related_synonym: "intranasal" [] related_synonym: "lacrimale" [] related_synonym: "le cornet" [] related_synonym: "nariale" [] related_synonym: "nasale" [] related_synonym: "os internasale" [] related_synonym: "os nariale" [] related_synonym: "septomaxillary" [] related_synonym: "turbinale" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000559 name: septum_nasi def: "Medial, vertical plate that separates the nasal capsules." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000560 name: septum_semicircularium_anterior relationship: part_of AAO:0000238 ! inner_ear [Term] id: AAO:0000561 name: septum_semicircularium_laterale relationship: part_of AAO:0000238 ! inner_ear [Term] id: AAO:0000562 name: septum_semircularium_posterior relationship: part_of AAO:0000238 ! inner_ear [Term] id: AAO:0000563 name: seydels_palatal_process relationship: part_of AAO:0000068 ! cartilago_ectochoanalis [Term] id: AAO:0000565 name: skeletal_support_for_eminentia_olfactoria def: "Elevation of the dorsal surface of the solum nasi medial to the fenestra endochoanalis that provides support for the eminentia olfactoria." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000566 name: skeletal_system def: "System that provides physical support to the organism." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000007 ! anatomical_system [Term] id: AAO:0000569 name: solum_nasi def: "Unpaired, horizontal plate that forms the floor of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "nasal floor" [] related_synonym: "planum basale" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000570 name: spatium_sacculare relationship: part_of AAO:0000428 ! perilymphatic_system [Term] id: AAO:0000571 name: specialized_connective_tissue is_a: AAO:0000098 ! connective_tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000572 name: sphenethmoid def: "Azygous, endochondral bone that houses the anterior portion of the brain." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000573 name: splenial relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000574 name: squamosal def: "Paired, intramembranous bones that lie at the posterolateral margins of the skull. These bones are composed of three rami that give the squamosals their characteristic T shape." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "os squamosum" [] related_synonym: "os tympanicum" [] related_synonym: "paraquadratum" [] related_synonym: "squamosum" [] related_synonym: "supratemporale" [] related_synonym: "supratemporo-squamosum" [] related_synonym: "temporo-mastoidien" [] related_synonym: "tympanique" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000596 ! suspensorium [Term] id: AAO:0000579 name: stomach relationship: part_of AAO:0000129 ! digestive_system [Term] id: AAO:0000580 name: stylus_of_pars_media_plectri related_synonym: "columella auris" [] related_synonym: "columellare" [] related_synonym: "interstapediale" [] related_synonym: "mediostapediale" [] related_synonym: "mesostapediale" [] related_synonym: "os columellare" [] related_synonym: "os intermedium" [] related_synonym: "stapes" [] related_synonym: "stelidium" [] related_synonym: "stilus columellare" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000408 ! pars_media_plectri [Term] id: AAO:0000581 name: sulcus_dentalis_of_maxilla def: "Groove located between the pars dentalis and the bases of the maxillary teeth." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000582 name: sulcus_dentalis_of_premaxilla relationship: part_of AAO:0000461 ! premaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000583 name: sulcus_for_Meckels_cartilage relationship: part_of AAO:0000012 ! angulosplenial_coronoid_process [Term] id: AAO:0000586 name: superior_prenasal_cartilage def: "Paired, elongate cartilages that extend anteroventrally to abut the dorsomedial margin of the posterior face of the alary process of the premaxilla. The function of these cartilages is to transmit the movement of the premaxilla to the alary cartilages during the closure of the apertura nasalis externa." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000587 name: supraangular relationship: part_of AAO:0000274 ! lower_jaw_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000588 name: supraoccipital relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000590 name: supraorbital_flange relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal [Term] id: AAO:0000591 name: suprasphenoid def: "Endochondral ossification of the dorsomedial portion of the braincase." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000596 name: suspensorium def: "Apparatus located toward the posterolateral end of the skull, at the level of the anterior margin of the otic capsule that suspends and braces the jaw against the skull." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000109 ! cranial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000597 name: symphysis_maxillaris relationship: part_of AAO:0000620 ! upper_jaw [Term] id: AAO:0000599 name: taenia_tecti_marginalis relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000601 name: tectum_nasi def: "Roof of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000602 name: tectum_synoticum relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000605 name: tentacular_foramen is_a: AAO:0000621 ! upper_jaw_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000606 name: testis is_a: AAO:0000213 ! gonad [Term] id: AAO:0000607 name: tissue [Term] id: AAO:0000610 name: trochlear_foramen is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000611 name: trunk_muscles relationship: part_of AAO:0000307 ! muscular_system [Term] id: AAO:0000612 name: trunk_region def: "Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] related_synonym: "presacral region" [] related_synonym: "thoracolumbar region" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000699 ! vertebral_column_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000615 name: tympanic_annulus def: "Funnel-like ring structure located lateral to the ventral ramus of the squamosal, beneath the skin; it provides support to the tympanic membrane." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "annulus tympanicus" [] related_synonym: "processus basilaris" [] related_synonym: "tympanic ring" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000443 ! plectral_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000619 name: tympanosquamosal def: "Central, funnel-shaped, ossified portion of the tympanic annulus fused to the squamosal bone." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000596 ! suspensorium [Term] id: AAO:0000620 name: upper_jaw def: "Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000109 ! cranial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000621 name: upper_jaw_opening is_a: AAO:0000620 ! upper_jaw [Term] id: AAO:0000622 name: upper_jaw_skeleton is_a: AAO:0000620 ! upper_jaw [Term] id: AAO:0000623 name: urinary_bladder relationship: part_of AAO:0000624 ! urogenital_system [Term] id: AAO:0000624 name: urogenital_system is_a: AAO:0000007 ! anatomical_system [Term] id: AAO:0000625 name: utriculus relationship: part_of AAO:0000420 ! pars_superior_of_labyrinth [Term] id: AAO:0000628 name: ventral_ramus_of_squamosal def: "Longest of the three squamosal rami; it invests the dorsolateral margin of the palatoquadrate. The distal end of the ventral ramus invests the quadrate and articulates with the quadratojugal." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "processus posterolateralis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000574 ! squamosal [Term] id: AAO:0000629 name: ventrolateral_process_of_palatoquadrate relationship: part_of AAO:0000094 ! chondrocranium [Term] id: AAO:0000631 name: vestibuloauditory_system is_a: AAO:0000555 ! sensory_system [Term] id: AAO:0000632 name: visual_system is_a: AAO:0000555 ! sensory_system [Term] id: AAO:0000633 name: vomer def: "Paired, palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie ventral to the olfactory region and help to floor the nasal capsules ." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "praevomer" [] related_synonym: "prevomer" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000634 name: vomerine_canal relationship: part_of AAO:0000633 ! vomer [Term] id: AAO:0000635 name: vomerine_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000637 name: Wolffian_duct relationship: part_of AAO:0000624 ! urogenital_system [Term] id: AAO:0000639 name: zygomatic_ramus_of_squamosal def: "Ramus (process) that forms part of the posterior margin of the orbit." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella_alaris [Term] id: AAO:0000640 name: arcus_praeoccipitalis def: "Skeletal structure that separates the inferior and superior perilymphatic foramina." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000641 name: mandibular_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000642 name: maxillopalatine_teeth relationship: part_of AAO:0000126 ! dentition [Term] id: AAO:0000643 name: nasolarimal_duct related_synonym: "canalis nasolacrimalis" [] related_synonym: "ductus nasolacrimalis" [] related_synonym: "nasal duct" [] is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000644 name: processus_lingularis def: "Rod-shaped process that extends caudally from the inferior edge of the planum terminale." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "lingular process" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000320 ! nasal_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000645 name: corpus def: "Basal part of the septomaxilla." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "pars horizontalis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000556 ! septomaxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000646 name: margo_libera def: "Anterior, rounded portion of the corpus of the septomaxilla." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000645 ! corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000647 name: crista_interna def: "Sharp ridge that extends medially from the basal part of the processus infrafenestralis; it separates the diverticulum proncipale from the diverticulum medium." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000492 ! processus_infrafenestralis [Term] id: AAO:0000648 name: crista_praeopercularis def: "Synchondrotic or synostotic connection between the footplate of the pars media plectri and the ventral margin of the fenestra ovalis." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000408 ! pars_media_plectri [Term] id: AAO:0000649 name: anterior_process_of_vomer def: "Process that extends anterolaterally toward the maxilla-premaxilla articulation." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000633 ! vomer [Term] id: AAO:0000650 name: processus_frontalis def: "Anterio portion of the maxilla that may contact the nasal and take part in the formation of a groove for the nasolacrimal duct." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "processus praeorbitalis of the pars facialis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000651 name: lamina_anterior_of_maxilla def: "Most anterior part of the maxilla, which is in contact with the premaxilla." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000652 name: fossa_maxillaris def: "Depression lacated on the inner surface of the maxilla between the palatine process and the pars palatina." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000285 ! maxilla [Term] id: AAO:0000653 name: pars_glenoidalis_of_quadratojugal def: "Portion of the quadratojugal that makes contact dorsally with the distal portion of the squamosal." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000532 ! quadratojugal [Term] id: AAO:0000654 name: pars_jugalis def: "Anterior part of the quadratojugal that is in contact with the processus posterior of the maxilla." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000532 ! quadratojugal [Term] id: AAO:0000655 name: processus_dorsalis def: "Dorsal process of the lamella alaris located at the anterior end of the margo orbitalis; a narrow ligament that runs from the frontoparietal is attached to it." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella_alaris [Term] id: AAO:0000656 name: processus_posterodorsalis def: "Posterior process of the lamella alaris." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella_alaris [Term] id: AAO:0000657 name: dentigerous_ process def: "Tooth-bearing process of the vomer." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "torus dentigerous" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000633 ! vomer [Term] id: AAO:0000658 name: prechoanal_process def: "Process that extends laterally from the anterior process; its bifurcation from the postchoanal process occurs at the level of the dentigerous process." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "processus choanalis anterior" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000633 ! vomer [Term] id: AAO:0000659 name: postchoanal_process def: "Process that extends laterally from the anterior process; its bifurcation from the prechoanal process occurs at the level of the dentigerous process." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "processus choanalis posterior" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000633 ! vomer [Term] id: AAO:0000660 name: margo_choanalis def: "Margin between the prechoanal and postchoanal process. It bounds the fenestra endochoanalis." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000633 ! vomer [Term] id: AAO:0000661 name: crista_vomeri def: "Ridge on the dorsal surface of the vomer that runs from the anterior to the postchoanal processes of the vomer; it takes part in the fixation of the bone to the lateral margin of the solum nasi." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000633 ! vomer [Term] id: AAO:0000662 name: processus_posterior def: "Posterior projection of the median part of the parsphenoid, which may extend over the posterior margins of the subotic alae." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000385 ! parasphenoid [Term] id: AAO:0000663 name: parahyoid relationship: part_of AAO:0000225 ! hyoid_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000664 name: hyoid_plate def: "Azygous or paired bone that occurs on the ventral surface of the hyoid plate." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000225 ! hyoid_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000665 name: hyobranchial_skeleton is_a: AAO:0000265 ! larval_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000666 name: ceratohyal def: "Paired elements that lie ventral to the hypobranchials and curve dorsally from their medial articulation with basibranchial toward the suspensorium." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] related_synonym: "ceratohyale" [] related_synonym: "hyale" [] related_synonym: "hyoid" [] related_synonym: "keratohyale" [] related_synonym: "zungenbeinknorpel" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000665 ! hyobranchial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000667 name: pars_reuniens def: "Area of fusion of the ceratohyals." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000665 ! hyobranchial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000668 name: hypoglossal_sinus relationship: part_of AAO:0000225 ! hyoid_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000669 name: hyale relationship: part_of AAO:0000225 ! hyoid_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000670 name: anterior_process_of_hyoid_apparatus relationship: part_of AAO:0000225 ! hyoid_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000671 name: anterolateral_process_of_hyoid_plate def: "Processes that flank the hyales laterally and extend anterolaterally from the anterolateral margin of the hyoid plate. They are formed as a result of new cartilaginous growth lateral to the basibranchial." [AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "processus alaris" [] related_synonym: "processus anterolateralis" [] related_synonym: "processus lateralis anterior" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000664 ! hyoid_plate [Term] id: AAO:0000672 name: posterolateral_process def: "Paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterolateral margin of the hyoid plate. These processes are formed as a result of new cartilaginous growth lateral to the basibranchial and hypobranchial plate." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000664 ! hyoid_plate [Term] id: AAO:0000673 name: posteromedial_process def: "Cartilaginous, paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterior margin of the hyoid plate. These processes invest the laryngeal apparatus and are ossified in the adult." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "cornua posteriores" [] related_synonym: "hyoid" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000664 ! hyoid_plate [Term] id: AAO:0000674 name: arytenoid_cartilage def: "Paired, anteroposteriorly elongated cartilages that are associated with the vocal cords. These cartilages are medially separated and hemispherical, and their concave side faces ventromedially." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007, AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "cartilago arytaenoidea" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000267 ! laryngeal_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000675 name: cricoid_cartilage def: "Cartilaginous ring that provides support for the arytenoid cartilages. Its ventral part is bent posteriorly to form a V." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2003, AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "cartilago cricoidea" [] related_synonym: "cartilago cricotrachealis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000267 ! laryngeal_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000676 name: bronchial_process def: "Paired processes that extend posteroventrally from the anterolateral margins of the cricoid ring." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "processus trachealis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000675 ! cricoid_cartilage [Term] id: AAO:0000677 name: lateral_process relationship: part_of AAO:0000675 ! cricoid_cartilage [Term] id: AAO:0000678 name: esophageal_process def: "Median process located on the posterior end of the cricoid cartilage." [AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "spina oesophagea" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000675 ! cricoid_cartilage [Term] id: AAO:0000679 name: humerus def: "Paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000199 ! fore_propodium [Term] id: AAO:0000680 name: manubrium def: "Proximal section of the hyale." [AAO:Rocek_1993] related_synonym: "processus anteriores" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000669 ! hyale [Term] id: AAO:0000681 name: hyoid_apparatus_opening is_a: AAO:0000225 ! hyoid_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000682 name: hyoid_apparatus_skeleton is_a: AAO:0000225 ! hyoid_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000683 name: sinus_nervi_hypoglossi def: "Depression that houses the hypoglossus nerve and is located between the anterolateral process and the proximal part of the hyale." [AAO:Rocek_2003] is_a: AAO:0000681 ! hyoid_apparatus_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000684 name: hyoid_bone def: "Paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterior margin of the hyoid plate. These processes are the ossified posteromedial processes and invest the laryngeal apparatus." [AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "hyoid" [] related_synonym: "os postero-mediale" [] related_synonym: "ossa thyroidea" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000664 ! hyoid_plate [Term] id: AAO:0000685 name: foramen_nervi_hypoglossi def: "Foramen that houses the hypoglossus nerve and is located between the anterolateral process and the proximal part of the hyale." [AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "foramen laterale" [] is_a: AAO:0000681 ! hyoid_apparatus_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000686 name: basibranchial def: "Medial element to which other parts of the hyoid apparatus are attached." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] related_synonym: "copula I" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid_apparatus_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000687 name: processus_confluens def: "Strip of cartilage that forms the lateral margin of the foramen nervi hypoglossi." [AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "processus alaris" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000669 ! hyale [Term] id: AAO:0000688 name: prominentia_apicalis_dorsalis def: "Anterior end of the arytenoid cartilage." [AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "prominentia apicalis anterior" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000674 ! arytenoid_cartilage [Term] id: AAO:0000689 name: prominentia_apicalis_ventralis def: "Posterior (cardiac) end of the arytenoid cartilage." [AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "prominentia apicalis posterior" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000674 ! arytenoid_cartilage [Term] id: AAO:0000690 name: wrisbergi_cartilage def: "Independent cartilage that may occur dorsal or anterior to the prominentiae apicales dorsales of the arytenoid cartilages." [AAO:Rocek_2003] related_synonym: "cartilago apicalis intermedia" [] related_synonym: "cartilago apicalis seu cartilago santoriniana" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000267 ! laryngeal_apparatus [Term] id: AAO:0000691 name: vertebra def: "Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008] relationship: part_of AAO:0000699 ! vertebral_column_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000692 name: pedicel def: "Paired stalks located dorsolateral to the vertebral centrum that provide support to the lateral margins of the neural arch laminae." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000693 name: neural_canal def: "Canal formed by the vertebral centra ventrally, the pedicels laterally, and the neural arches dorsally that encloses and protects the spinal cord." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "foramen vertebrale" [] related_synonym: "spinal canal" [] is_a: AAO:0000700 ! vertebral_column_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000694 name: atlantal_cotyle def: "Anterior, single or paired concave facets for articulation with the condyle(s) of the urostyle." [AAO:Francis_1934] related_synonym: "cavitas glenoidalis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000709 ! atlas [Term] id: AAO:0000695 name: neural_arch_lamina def: "Paired plates that form the neural arch. The lateral margin of each lamina rests dorsal to the superior end of the pedicel, and the medial end fuses to the medial end of the opposite lamina." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008] relationship: part_of AAO:0000725 ! neural_arch [Term] id: AAO:0000696 name: posterior_intervertebral_notch def: "Indentation on the anterior margin of the pedicel. When two vertebrae articulate, the anterior notch of one vertebra and the posterior notch of the other create a bilateral intervertebral space." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000697 name: centrum def: "Cylindrical body of bone, round or oval in cross section, which functionally replaces the notochord." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_2008] related_synonym: "corpus" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000698 name: transverse_process def: "Projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae." [AAO:Pugener_2002, AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008, AAO:Trueb_1973] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000699 name: vertebral_column_skeleton is_a: AAO:0000034 ! axial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000700 name: vertebral_column_opening is_a: AAO:0000034 ! axial_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000701 name: intervertebral_space def: "Space formed by the anterior and posterior intervertebral notches. The intervertebral spaces accommodate the spinal nerves as they emerge from the spinal canal." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "intervertebral space" [] is_a: AAO:0000700 ! vertebral_column_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000702 name: postzygapophysis def: "Paired processes at the caudal end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the postzygapophyses face lateroventrally and articulate with the dorsomedially facing facets of the prezygapophyses of the succeeding vertebra." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "processus obliquus posterior" [] is_a: AAO:0000710 ! zygapophysis [Term] id: AAO:0000703 name: prezygapophysis def: "Paired processes at the cephalic end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses face dorsomedially and articulate with the lateroventrally facing facets of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008] related_synonym: "processus obliquus anterior" [] is_a: AAO:0000710 ! zygapophysis [Term] id: AAO:0000704 name: anterior_intervertebral_notch def: "Indentation on the posterior margin of the pedicel. When two vertebrae articulate, the anterior notch of one vertebra and the posterior notch of the other create a bilateral intervertebral space." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000705 name: neural_spine def: "Elaboration of the mid-dorsal keel into a posterior or posterolateral process." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008] related_synonym: "processus spinosus" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000735 ! mid-dorsal_keel [Term] id: AAO:0000706 name: diapophysis def: "Paired processes that arise near the midpoint of the neural arch lamina, for the attachment of the tuberculum of two-headed ribs. Also called transverse processes. In anurans, the term diapophysis is used in reference to the modified transverse processes of the sacral vertebra elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994, AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000707 name: pleurapophysis def: "Paired processes that represent the rib attachments to the vertebra plus the ribs." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000708 name: parapophysis def: "Paired processes, which arise near the dorsolateral part of the vertebral centrum, for the attachment of the capitulum of two-headed ribs." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000709 name: atlas def: "First postcranial vertebra, which is modified anteriorly to articulate with the skull." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] related_synonym: "presacral I" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000092 ! cervical_region [Term] id: AAO:0000710 name: zygapophysis def: "Paired processes at the cephalic and caudal ends of the neural arch. They function as interlocking structures between adjacent vertebrae, and limit dorsoventral flexion and lateral movement of the column in the trunk region." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008] related_synonym: "processus articularis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000711 name: procoelous def: "Holochordal vertebral centra that are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly; they bear a condyle on the posterior end for the articulation with the posterior adjacent vertebral centrum, forming a ball-and-socket joint that allows extensive motion in most directions." [AAO:Pugener_2002, AAO:Trueb_1973] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000712 name: opisthocoelous def: "Ectochordal or stegochordal vertebral centra that are convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly; they bear a condyle on the anterior end for the articulation with the posterior adjacent vertebral centrum, forming a ball-and-socket joint that allows extensive motion in most directions." [AAO:Pugener_2002, AAO:Trueb_1973] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000713 name: epichordal def: "Vertebral centrum that originates from ossification of the dorsal portion of the perichordal tube; the resulting element tends to be depressed in cross section." [AAO:Kluge_and_Farris_1969] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000714 name: perichordal def: "Vertebral centrum that originates from ossification of the entire perichordal tube; the resulting element is cylindrical in cross section and may have an open (notochord retained) or solid center." [AAO:Kluge_and_Farris_1969] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000715 name: heterocoelous def: "Vertebral centrum that bears saddle-shaped articular surfaces at both ends, having a convexity in the right-left axis and a concavity in the dorsoventral axis. This morphology allows great lateral and vertical flexion." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000716 name: acoelous def: "Vertebral centrum with flat ends. Between successive vertebrae there is a fibrocartilaginous intervertebral body with a gel-like core, the nucleus pulposus, which is derived from the embryonic notochord. Acoelous vertebrae seem especially suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000717 name: amphicoelous def: "Ectochordal, biconcave or terminally flat vertebral centrum. This design seems to allow limited motion in most directions. An intervertebral body (which may or may not be independent from the adjacent centra) fills the cavity between successive centra. The intervertebral body usually is formed by soft material that may be derived, at least in part, from the embryonic notochord." [AAO:Pugener_2002, AAO:Trueb_1973] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000718 name: ectochordal def: "Spool-shaped vertebral centrum with an open center in which the notochord lies." [AAO:Griffiths_1959] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000719 name: holochordal def: "Spool-shaped vertebral centrum with a solid center. All traces of the notochord dissapear." [AAO:Griffiths_1959] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000720 name: stegochordal def: "Vertebral centrum that is depressed dorsoventrally and solid. All traces of the notochord dissapear." [AAO:Griffiths_1959] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000721 name: odontoid_process def: "Anterior process located between the atlantal cotyles that projects into the foramen magnum of the skull and bears facets that articulate with the lateral walls of the foramen." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] related_synonym: "tuberculum interglenoideum" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000709 ! atlas [Term] id: AAO:0000722 name: tuberculum def: "Dorsal head of a bicapitate rib. It articulates with the diapophysis." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000545 ! rib [Term] id: AAO:0000723 name: capitulum_of_rib def: "Ventral head of a bicapitate rib. It articulates with the parapophysis." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000545 ! rib [Term] id: AAO:0000724 name: sacral_region def: "Region of the vertebral column represented by one or two vertebrae." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000699 ! vertebral_column_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000725 name: neural_arch def: "Bony arch perched on the vertebral centrum; successive arches enclose the neural canal that surrounds and protects the spinal cord dorsally." [AAO:Pugener_2002] related_synonym: "carina neuralis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000726 name: haemal_arch def: "Bony canal attached to the ventral surface or the vertebral centrum that encloses and protects the caudal artery and vein ventrally. The arch consists of right and left halves, which are fused ventrally to give a V- or Y-shape to the ventral aspect of the vertebra." [AAO:Pugener_2002] related_synonym: "ventral arch" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000727 name: haemal_arch_lamina def: "Paired plates that form the haemal arch. The lateral margin of each lamina is firmly attached to the ventral surface of the caudal vertebral centrum and the medial end fuses to the medial end of the opposite lamina." [AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000726 ! haemal_arch [Term] id: AAO:0000728 name: nucal_keel def: "Longitudinal process found in all cervical vertebrae, except the atlas, for the attachment of dorsal head musculature." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000709 ! atlas [Term] id: AAO:0000729 name: spinal_foramen def: "Opening on the vertebra for a spinal nerve as it emerges from the spinal canal." [AAO:Francis_1934] is_a: AAO:0000700 ! vertebral_column_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000730 name: foramen_nutritium def: "Opening on the lateral side of the vertebra for the passage of blood vessels." [AAO:Francis_1934] is_a: AAO:0000700 ! vertebral_column_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000731 name: coccyx def: "Small, bony element consisting of several fused, rudimentary caudal vertebrae; near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle." [AAO:Pugener_2002, AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008] relationship: part_of AAO:0000734 ! vertebral_column [Term] id: AAO:0000732 name: urostyle def: "Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord." [AAO:Pugener_2002, AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008] related_synonym: "os coccygei" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000082 ! caudal_region [Term] id: AAO:0000733 name: hypochord def: "Unsegmented ventral structure in the caudal region of anuran larvae; near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle." [AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000734 ! vertebral_column [Term] id: AAO:0000734 name: vertebral_column is_a: AAO:0000265 ! larval_structure [Term] id: AAO:0000735 name: mid-dorsal_keel def: "Ridge-shaped structure present on the dorsomedial surface of the neural arch lamina; this structure is produced at the point of junction of the contralateral sides of each neural arch." [AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000725 ! neural_arch [Term] id: AAO:0000736 name: crista_ventralis def: "Ridge on the ventral aspect of the humeral shaft that extends from the level of the glenoid head to about one-third to one-half the lenfth of the shaft. It serves for the attachment of the mm pectoralis and supra-coracoideus." [AAO:Francis_1934] related_synonym: "crista_ventralis_humeri" [] related_synonym: "deltoid crest" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000737 name: perichordal_tube def: "Coat around the notochord that originates from cells derived from the sclerotomes." [AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000327 ! notochord [Term] id: AAO:0000738 name: perichordal_ring def: "Segmental sections of the perichordal tube that give rise to vertebrae." [AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000737 ! perichordal_tube [Term] id: AAO:0000739 name: spinous_process def: "Small, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina; it is not a neural spine." [AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000725 ! neural_arch [Term] id: AAO:0000740 name: synsacrum def: "Complex of synostotically fused vertebrae supporting the pelvic girdle. In anurans, the synsacrum is formed by two vertebrae and the urostyle is fused to its posterior end." [AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000724 ! sacral_region [Term] id: AAO:0000741 name: uncinate_process def: "Posteriorly directed process (occasionally directed anteriorly) usually associated with the rib (sometimes with the transverse process) of the third vertebra; they provide the origin of the mm serratus superior, medius, and inferior." [AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000545 ! rib [Term] id: AAO:0000742 name: epiphysis def: "Cartilaginous expansion at the distal end of an anterior rib or transverse process that serves for the attachment of muscles suspending the pectoral girdle to the vertebral column." [AAO:Pugener_2002] relationship: part_of AAO:0000699 ! vertebral_column_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000743 name: sacral_condyle def: "Anterior, paired convex facets for articulation with the cotyle(s) of the urostyle." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000552 ! sacrum [Term] id: AAO:0000744 name: urostyle_cotyle def: "Anterior, single or paired concave facets for articulation with the sacral condyle(s)." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "fossa condyloidea ossis coccygei" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000732 ! urostyle [Term] id: AAO:0000745 name: webbing_of_bone def: "In anurans, pair of bony plates that connect the posteromedial margins of the sacral diapophyses with the lateral margins of the anterior portion of the urostyle." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008] relationship: part_of AAO:0000699 ! vertebral_column_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000746 name: urostyle_ridge def: "Longitudinal crest on the dorsal side of the urostyle formed by the caudal neural arches." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "crista ossi coccygei" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000732 ! urostyle [Term] id: AAO:0000747 name: appendicular_skeleton def: "The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000566 ! skeletal_system [Term] id: AAO:0000748 name: suprascapula def: "Paired, cartilaginous elements located in the dorsolateral shoulder region. Each suprascapula is a flat broad blade that extends medially." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "adscapulum" [] related_synonym: "episcapulum" [] related_synonym: "omolita" [] related_synonym: "scapula major" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular_area [Term] id: AAO:0000749 name: glenoid_fossa def: "Cavity for the articulation of the forelimb formed by the scapula, coracoid, and clavicle." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "glenoid cavity" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular_area [Term] id: AAO:0000750 name: cleithrum def: "Paired bones of intramembranous origin. Each cleithrum extends medially from a point near the suprascapular-scapular articulation to invest the anterior margin of the suprascapula, and occasionoally it may extend to the dorsal (medial) surface. Usually, this bone is bifurcate." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular_area [Term] id: AAO:0000751 name: scapula def: "Paired bony elements of endochondral origin. They are situated at the level of the jaw articulation, in a vertical position, with the suprascapular margin being dorsal and the glenoid end being ventral." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "collum scapulae" [] related_synonym: "lower shoulder blade" [] related_synonym: "omoplate" [] related_synonym: "scapula minor" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular_area [Term] id: AAO:0000752 name: pars_acromialis def: "Prominent structure (anteromedial head) that forms the anterior section of the ventral margin of the scapula." [AAO:Trueb_1973] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000753 name: pars_glenoidalis_of_scapula def: "Concave structure (posteromedial head) that forms the posterior head of the ventral margin of the scapula. The pars glenoidalis articulates with the humerus, and comprises the dorsal portion of the glenoid fossa." [AAO:Trueb_1973] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000754 name: pectoral_girdle_skeleton is_a: AAO:0000422 ! pectoral_girdle [Term] id: AAO:0000755 name: pectoral_girdle_opening is_a: AAO:0000422 ! pectoral_girdle [Term] id: AAO:0000756 name: crista_dorsalis def: "Small hooked process on the dorsal aspect of the humeral shaft; it does not extend on to the glenoid head. The m subscapularis is inserted on it." [AAO:Francis_1934] related_synonym: "crista_dorsalis_humeri" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000757 name: zonal_area def: "All those parts of the pectoral girdle ventral and medial to the glenoid fossa." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000754 ! pectoral_girdle_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000758 name: lateral_epicondyle def: "Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus (larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle) and lateral to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the mm extensor antebrachii et carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, and in part to the m extensor antebrachii et carpi ulnaris." [AAO:Francis_1934, AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "epicondylus_lateralis_humeri" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000759 name: omosternum def: "Proximal portion of the prezonal element of the pectoral girdle. It may be a flat, midventral cartilaginous structure or a calcified or bony element elaborated into a stylum." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "episternum" [] related_synonym: "interclavicle" [] related_synonym: "prezonal element" [] related_synonym: "prezonal sternum" [] related_synonym: "sternum superior" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000937 ! prezonal_element [Term] id: AAO:0000760 name: procoracoid def: "Cartilaginous, paired structures located on the anterolateral portions of the zonal area of the pectoral girdle." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "precoracoid" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000936 ! zonal_element [Term] id: AAO:0000761 name: clavicle def: "Slender, paired bones of intramembranous origin that invest the anterior margins of the procoracoids." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "acromial" [] related_synonym: "furcula" [] related_synonym: "os thoracale" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000936 ! zonal_element [Term] id: AAO:0000762 name: epicoracoid def: "Paired, flat cartilaginous arches that compose the central portion of the zonal area, unites the clavicle and coracoid of each half of the pectoral girdle, and form the medial margins of the pectoral fenestrae." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "coracoid cartilage" [] related_synonym: "corpus sterni" [] related_synonym: "entosternal" [] related_synonym: "infracoracoid" [] related_synonym: "sterni ossa media" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000936 ! zonal_element [Term] id: AAO:0000763 name: epicoracoid_bridge def: "A pair of cartilaginous expansions (one from each epicoracoid cartilage) that project anteriorly. They articulate anteriorly with the omosternum." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "procoracoid bridge" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000762 ! epicoracoid [Term] id: AAO:0000764 name: coracoid def: "Paired cartilaginous structures or endochondral bones located on the posterolateral portions of the zonal area of the pectoral girdle." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "clavicula" [] related_synonym: "clavicula posterior" [] related_synonym: "clavicula vera" [] related_synonym: "coracoideum" [] related_synonym: "coracoidien" [] related_synonym: "pars sternalis scapulae" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000936 ! zonal_element [Term] id: AAO:0000765 name: sternum def: "Single element that constitutes the postzonal area of the pectoral girdle." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "cartilaginula quadrata intermedia" [] related_synonym: "hyposternum" [] related_synonym: "sternum inferius" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000938 ! postzonal_element [Term] id: AAO:0000767 name: pelvic_girdle_opening is_a: AAO:0000426 ! pelvic_girdle [Term] id: AAO:0000768 name: pelvic_girdle_skeleton is_a: AAO:0000426 ! pelvic_girdle [Term] id: AAO:0000769 name: pelvic_girdle_symphisis def: "Medial attachement of the two halves of the pelvic girdle." [AAO:Francis_1934] relationship: part_of AAO:0000426 ! pelvic_girdle [Term] id: AAO:0000770 name: acetabulum def: "Cavity for the articulation of the proximal bone of the hind limb." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "cavite cotyloide" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000768 ! pelvic_girdle_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000771 name: acetabular_depression def: "Central, most concave portion of the acetabulum, which remains open." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] is_a: AAO:0000767 ! pelvic_girdle_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000772 name: ilium def: "Paired, rodlike endochondral bones that constitute the anterior pelvic girdle." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "os ischii" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000768 ! pelvic_girdle_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000773 name: ilial_ridge def: "Longitudinal crest on the dorsal side of the shaft of the ilium." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "ala ossis ilei" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000774 ! ilial_shaft [Term] id: AAO:0000774 name: ilial_shaft def: "Anterior rod that articulates with the sacrum." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000772 ! ilium [Term] id: AAO:0000775 name: ilial_corpus def: "Posterior body of the illium that forms the anterior half of the acetabulum." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000772 ! ilium [Term] id: AAO:0000776 name: glenoid_foramen def: "Opening on the glenoid fossa." [AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000755 ! pectoral_girdle_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000777 name: epicoracoid_horn def: "A pair of cartilaginous expansions (one from each epicoracoid cartilage) that project posteriorly. They articulate with the sternum by means of grooves, pouches or fossae in the dorsal surface of the sternum and provide a site for the insertion of a pair of muscles derived from the m. rectus abdominis." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000762 ! epicoracoid [Term] id: AAO:0000778 name: supracoracoid_foramen def: "Opening on the scapulocoracoid bone through which passes the n. supracoracoideus and the corresponding artery and vein." [AAO:Francis_1934] related_synonym: "foramen supracoracoideum" [] is_a: AAO:0000755 ! pectoral_girdle_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000779 name: pectoral_fenestra def: "Ovoid space on the pectoral girdle limited anteriorly by the procoracoid, medially by the epicoracoid, and posteriorly by the coracoid." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "fenestra between procoracoid and coracoid" [] is_a: AAO:0000755 ! pectoral_girdle_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000780 name: incisura_coracoidea def: "Notch that separates the cartilaginous regions of the procoracoid and coracoid." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular_area [Term] id: AAO:0000781 name: scapulocoracoid def: "Fused, ossified portions of the scapula, procoracoid, and coracoid." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular_area [Term] id: AAO:0000782 name: medial_epicondyle def: "Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus and medial to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the flexor muscles antogonistic to those that attach to the lateral epicondyle." [AAO:Francis_1934, AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "epicondylus_medialis_humeri" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000783 name: fovea_capitis def: "Ovoid roughened pit, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and serves as a site of attachment for ligaments." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000784 name: ulnar_condyle def: "Semi-elliptical ball located at the lower end of the humerus, adjacent to the humeral ball." [AAO:Francis_1934] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000785 name: trochlear_groove_of_humerus def: "Furrow between the humeral head and the ulnar condyle." [AAO:Francis_1934] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000786 name: fossa_cubitalis_ventralis def: "Depresion on the distal end of the humerus, just anterior to the humeral head, in which the end of the radius fits when the forelimb is flexed." [AAO:Francis_1934, LAP:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000787 name: collum_antibrachii def: "In a fused radio-ulna, the proximal portion of the compound bone (where the sulcus longitudinalis is barely evident or absent) is a cylindrical pillar." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000200 ! fore_epipodium [Term] id: AAO:0000788 name: radius def: "One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the lateral side of the ulna. Its upper end articulates with both the humerus and the ulna, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000200 ! fore_epipodium [Term] id: AAO:0000789 name: ulna def: "One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the medial (inner) side of the radius. The upper end of the ulna articulates with the lower end of the humerus forming a strong hinge joint with the carpals, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000200 ! fore_epipodium [Term] id: AAO:0000790 name: radiale def: "One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates proximally with the radius, mesially with the ulnare (or pars intermedia of the ulnare when the ulnare is fused to the intermedium) and distally with the centrale (also recognized by some authors as element Y). This element originates from one or two condensation centers. Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the ulnare, or other elements." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996, AAO:Francis_1934] relationship: part_of AAO:0000201 ! fore_mesopodium [Term] id: AAO:0000791 name: episternum def: "Distal, flat, cartilaginous element of the prezonal element of the pectoral girdle." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000937 ! prezonal_element [Term] id: AAO:0000792 name: anterior_ramus_of cleithrum def: "Subdivision of the cleithrum that extends along the anterior edge of the suprascapula." [AAO:Trueb_1973] relationship: part_of AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum [Term] id: AAO:0000793 name: anomocoelous def: "Stegochordal slightly biconcave or flat terminally vertebral centrum. Each intervertebral cartilage is subdivided anteriorly and posteriorly, producing a free intervertebral element between adjacent vertebrae. This element subsequently ossifies and remains free." [AAO:Trueb_1973] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000794 name: displasiocoelous def: "Vertebral column in which the first seven vertebrae have holochordal centra and the intervertebral cartilages are posteriorly subdivided in the procoelous manner. The eighth presacral vertebra has a holochordal centrum and the intervertebral cartilage is subdivided in the opisthocoelous manner. Thus, the first seven presacral vertebrae are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly, whereas the eighth is biconcave." [AAO:Trueb_1973] is_a: AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000795 name: intervertebral_cartilage def: "Block of cartilage, which usually ossifies, that lies between successive vertebral centra." [AAO:Trueb_1973] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000796 name: imbricate_neural_arch def: "Overlapping neural arches that obscure the spinal cord dorsally." [AAO:Trueb_1973] is_a: AAO:0000725 ! neural_arch [Term] id: AAO:0000797 name: non-imbricate_neural_arch def: "Neural arches that do not overlap, thus exposing the spinal cord dorsally." [AAO:Trueb_1973] is_a: AAO:0000725 ! neural_arch [Term] id: AAO:0000798 name: presacral_shield def: "Dorsal, dermal plate of bone that overlies the presacral vertebrae. Such shield usually has irregular, sculptured surfaces, frequently is broadly expanded, and may be composed of several separate plates." [AAO:Trueb_1973] relationship: part_of AAO:0000612 ! trunk_region [Term] id: AAO:0000799 name: cartilago_paraglenoidalis def: "Strip of cartilage that separates the coracoid from the scapula." [AAO:Stephenson_1952] relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular_area [Term] id: AAO:0000800 name: intercotylar_space def: "Space between the atlantal cotyles." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "spatium interglenoidale" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000709 ! atlas [Term] id: AAO:0000801 name: caput_glenoidale def: "Convex articular facet of the vertebral centrum for the articulation with the adjacent centrum." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000802 name: fossa_glenoidalis def: "Concave articular facet of the vertebral centrum for the articulation with the adjacent centrum." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000697 ! centrum [Term] id: AAO:0000803 name: sulcus_articularis_lateralis def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the lateral canal between the carina distalis and the carina medialis." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000710 ! zygapophysis [Term] id: AAO:0000804 name: sulcus_articularis_medialis def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the medial canal between the carina medialis and the carina proximalis." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000710 ! zygapophysis [Term] id: AAO:0000805 name: carina_proximalis def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the proximal ridge." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000710 ! zygapophysis [Term] id: AAO:0000806 name: carina_medialis def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the medial ridge." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000710 ! zygapophysis [Term] id: AAO:0000807 name: carina_distalis def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the distal ridge." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000710 ! zygapophysis [Term] id: AAO:0000808 name: parasagittal_processes def: "Paired, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina." [AAO:Cannatella_1985] relationship: part_of AAO:0000725 ! neural_arch [Term] id: AAO:0000809 name: accessory_articulation def: "Paired, additional vertebral articulations located medial to the intervertebral space, adjacent to the vertebral centrum." [AAO:Cannatella_1985] relationship: part_of AAO:0000691 ! vertebra [Term] id: AAO:0000810 name: fissura_sagittalis def: "Medial groove in the longitudinal ridge of the urostyle formed by the incomplete dorsal fusion of the caudal neural arches." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000746 ! urostyle_ridge [Term] id: AAO:0000811 name: glenoid_end_of_clavicle def: "Lateral end of the clavicle, which usually lies in close proximity to the pars acromialis of the scapula, and occassionally may fuse to it." [AAO:Cannatella_1985] related_synonym: "extremitas glenoidalis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000761 ! clavicle [Term] id: AAO:0000812 name: sternal_end_of_clavicle def: "Medial end of the clavicle, which usually lies on the ventral side of the epicoracoid cartilage, just posterior to the epicoracoid bridge." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "extremitas medialis" [] related_synonym: "medial end" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000761 ! clavicle [Term] id: AAO:0000813 name: sulcus_pro_cartilagine_praecoracoidealis def: "Canal on the posterior aspect of the clavicle that accomodates the anterior margin of the procoracoid cartilage." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000761 ! clavicle [Term] id: AAO:0000814 name: glenoid_head_of_coracoid def: "Lateral end of the coracoid, which forms the medial portion of the glenoid fossa." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "intumescentia_glenoidalis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000764 ! coracoid [Term] id: AAO:0000815 name: sternal_head_of_coracoid def: "Medial end of the coracoid, which is synchondrotically fused to the epicoracoid cartilage." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "pars epicoracoidealis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000764 ! coracoid [Term] id: AAO:0000816 name: margo_fenestralis def: "Anterior margin of the coracoid, which forms the posterior edge of the pectoral fenestra." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000764 ! coracoid [Term] id: AAO:0000817 name: margo_posterior def: "Posterior margin of the coracoid." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000764 ! coracoid [Term] id: AAO:0000818 name: margo_anterior_of_scapula def: "Anterior margin of the scapula." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000819 name: margo_clavicularis def: "Inferior margin of the pars acromialis of the scapula, which articulates with the clavicule." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000820 name: margo_posterior_of_scapula def: "Posterior margin of the scapula." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000821 name: margo_suprascapularis def: "Superior margin of the scapula, which articulates with the suprascapula." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000822 name: pars_suprascapularis def: "Superior portion of the scapula, which is thinner than the rest of the shaft." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000823 name: sinus_interglenoidalis def: "Notch or indentation between the pars glenoidalis and pars acromialis of the scapula." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000824 name: tenuitas_cristaeformis def: "Leading (anterior) portion of the scapula, which is thinner than the rest of the shaft." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000825 name: crista_longitudinalis def: "Longitudinal ridge on the medial (inner) face of the scapula." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000751 ! scapula [Term] id: AAO:0000826 name: acromion def: "Anterior rounded projection of the pars acromialis of the scapula." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000752 ! pars_acromialis [Term] id: AAO:0000827 name: margo_anterior_of_cleithrum def: "Anterior margin of the anterior ramus of the cleithrum." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum [Term] id: AAO:0000828 name: margo_posterior_of_cleithrum def: "Posterior margin of the posterior ramus of the cleithrum." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum [Term] id: AAO:0000829 name: margo_scapularis def: "Lateral margin of the suprascapula, which articulates with the scapula." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum [Term] id: AAO:0000830 name: margo_vertebralis def: "Medial margin of the suprascapula, which lies dorsal to the vertebral column." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum [Term] id: AAO:0000831 name: spina_acromioidea def: "Small process of the lamina recurvata that extends laterally toward the scapular-suprascapular articulation." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum [Term] id: AAO:0000832 name: anterior_lamina_recurvata def: "Portion of the anterior ramus of the cleithrum that invest the anterior margin of the suprascapula, extending onto its dorsal surface." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum [Term] id: AAO:0000833 name: sinus_dorsalis def: "Notch or indentation between the anterior and posterior rami of the cleithrum." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum [Term] id: AAO:0000834 name: posterior_lamina_recurvata def: "Portion of the posterior ramus of the cleithrum that invests the posterior margin of the suprascapula, extending onto its dorsal surface." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum [Term] id: AAO:0000835 name: glenoid_head def: "Hemispherical ball on the proximal end of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle to form the shoulder joint." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "caput humeri" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000836 name: crista_lateralis def: "Ridge on the lateral aspect of the humeral shaft located just anterior to the radial (lateral) epicondyle." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000837 name: crista_medialis def: "Ridge on the medial aspect of the humeral shaft that extends from the level of the middle portion of the shaft to ulnar (medial) epicondyle." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000838 name: humeral_head def: "Hemispherical ball located at the lower end of the humerus that stands out prominently from the surrounding structures toward the flexor surface of the forelimb and fits into the socket joint of the olecranon process." [AAO:Francis_1934] related_synonym: "eminentia capitata" [] related_synonym: "radial condyle" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000679 ! humerus [Term] id: AAO:0000839 name: crista_radii def: "Small ridge on the lateral aspect of the radial shaft, located at the level of the collum antibrachii." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000788 ! radius [Term] id: AAO:0000840 name: capitulum_of_radius def: "Lateral portion of the proximal (upper) articular surface of the radius that consists of an eminence with a rounded apex." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000788 ! radius [Term] id: AAO:0000841 name: capitulum_radii def: "Small eminence on the distal articular head of the radius." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000788 ! radius [Term] id: AAO:0000842 name: capitulum_ulnae def: "Small eminence on the distal articular head of the ulna." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000789 ! ulna [Term] id: AAO:0000843 name: olecranon def: "Large and thick process situated at the proximal (upper) end of the ulna. Its inner face forms the medial articular surface that articulates with the humeral head." [AAO:LAP] related_synonym: "ulnar_process" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000789 ! ulna [Term] id: AAO:0000844 name: sulcus_longitudinalis def: "In a fused radio-ulna, longitudinal furrow that demarcates the area of fusion of both elements. This sulcus is deep in the distal portion of the compound bone, but barely evident or absent at the proximal end." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000901 ! radio-ulna [Term] id: AAO:0000845 name: ulnare def: "One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates with the ulna, radius, radiale, centrale (element Y), and carpal 5(4). This element originates from one condensation center or the fusion of two elements (ulnare and intermedium). Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the radiale, or other elements." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996, AAO:Francis_1994] relationship: part_of AAO:0000201 ! fore_mesopodium [Term] id: AAO:0000846 name: element_Y_of_fore_mesopodium def: "Oval carpal element that is located on the anteromedial side of the radiale and the anterolateral side of the ulnare. Anteriorly, it articulates with carpals 1 through 4 (or 2 through 5 according to some authors). It is also recognized as centrale by some authors. This element originates from one, two, or three condensation centers. Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 2(1), carpal 3(2), the ulnare, or other elements." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996, AAO:Francis_1934] relationship: part_of AAO:0000201 ! fore_mesopodium [Term] id: AAO:0000847 name: distal_carpal def: "Series of elements that articulate with the metacarpals." [AAO:Francis_1934] related_synonym: "basale" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000201 ! fore_mesopodium [Term] id: AAO:0000848 name: carpal_2(1) def: "Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2)." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000847 ! distal_carpal [Term] id: AAO:0000849 name: carpal_3(2) def: "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to carpals 2(1), 4(3), 5(4), or other elements." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000847 ! distal_carpal [Term] id: AAO:0000850 name: carpal_4(3) def: "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000847 ! distal_carpal [Term] id: AAO:0000851 name: carpal_5(4) def: "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(V). It may be fused to carpal 4(3), 5(4), the ulnare, radiale, or other elements." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:LAP] is_a: AAO:0000847 ! distal_carpal [Term] id: AAO:0000852 name: prepollex def: "Two or more elements located ventral and medial to the metacarpal of digit II(I). The proximal prepollex is small and round whereas distal prepollex 1 is usually large and wedge-shaped. When more elements are present, they are smaller than previous elements." [AAO:Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996, AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "cartilago_pre-pollicis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000201 ! fore_mesopodium [Term] id: AAO:0000853 name: metacarpal_II(I) def: "Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with the prepollex and carpal 2(1) or carpal 2+3(1+2) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit II(I) distally." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] is_a: AAO:0000946 ! fore_metapodium [Term] id: AAO:0000854 name: metacarpal_III(II) def: "Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with carpal 3(2) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit III(II) distally." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] is_a: AAO:0000946 ! fore_metapodium [Term] id: AAO:0000855 name: metacarpal_V(IV) def: "Dumb-bell shaped bones of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with carpal 5(4) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit V(IV) distally." [AAO:Fabrezi_1992, AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] is_a: AAO:0000946 ! fore_metapodium [Term] id: AAO:0000856 name: intercalary_element_of_fore_digit def: "Small elements of endochondral origin present in all digits of the manus. Each intercalary element articulates with the anteroventral end of the penultimate phalanx proximally and the distal phalanx distally." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000857 ! fore_digit [Term] id: AAO:0000857 name: fore_digit def: "One of the fingers of the manus." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000202 ! forelimb_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000858 name: forelimb_opening is_a: AAO:0000205 ! forelimb [Term] id: AAO:0000859 name: foramen_perforans_carpi def: "Opening for the passage of the perforans carpi artery from the ventral to the dorsal side. It perforates the compound ulnare + intermedium." [AAO:Francis_1934] is_a: AAO:0000856 ! intercalary_element_of_fore_digit [Term] id: AAO:0000860 name: ischium def: "Paired bones of endochondral origin that constitute the posterior elements of the pelvic girdle. They are synostotically fused to each other and form the posterior part of the acetabulum." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994, AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000768 ! pelvic_girdle_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000861 name: pubis def: "Paired, cartilaginous (ocassionally calcified) elements that form the ventral portion of the pelvic girdle. Each is located ventral to the acetabulum between the anteroventral margin of the ischium and the posteroventral margin of the illium. When the element calcifies or ossifies, its articulation with adjacent elements is difficult to distinguish. Both pubes are synchondrotically fused to one another." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994, AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "cartilago remanens" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000768 ! pelvic_girdle_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000862 name: pubo-ischium def: "Composite element formed by the fusion of the ischium and pubis." [AAO:Francis_1943] related_synonym: "ilio-pubis" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000768 ! pelvic_girdle_skeleton [Term] id: AAO:0000863 name: obturator_foramen def: "Small opening for the passage of the obturatorius nerve that perforates the pubis." [AAO:Francis_1934] is_a: AAO:0000767 ! pelvic_girdle_opening [Term] id: AAO:0000864 name: acetabular_rim def: "Cartilaginous ring that forms the entire acetabular margin." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000770 ! acetabulum [Term] id: AAO:0000865 name: epileon def: "Dorsal extremity of the ilial shaft, which remains cartilaginous." [AAO:Francis_1934] relationship: part_of AAO:0000774 ! ilial_shaft [Term] id: AAO:0000866 name: agger_limitans_anterior def: "Shelf-like expansion of the ilial corpus that forms the anterior border of the acetabulum." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial_corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000867 name: agger_limitans_posterior def: "Shelf-like expansion of the ischium that forms the posterior border of the acetabulum." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] relationship: part_of AAO:0000860 ! ischium [Term] id: AAO:0000868 name: supra-acetabular_expansion def: "Dorsal portion of the ilial corpus, located above the acetabulum." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "dorsal acetabular expansion" [] related_synonym: "pars ascendens ilei" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial_corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000869 name: ilial_protuberance def: "Small, dorsolaterally projecting knob located just anterior to the supra-acetabular expansion and about the level of the anterior border of the acetabulum." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "dorsal protuberance" [] related_synonym: "tuber_superior" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000774 ! ilial_shaft [Term] id: AAO:0000870 name: preacetabular_expansion def: "Ventral portion of the ilial corpus, located anteroventral to the acetabulum." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007] related_synonym: "pars descendens ilei" [] related_synonym: "ventral acetabular expansion" [] relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial_corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000871 name: fossula_tuberis_superioris def: "Small depression dorsal to the proximal portion of the collum ilei and ventral to the ilial protuberance." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial_corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000872 name: collum_ilei def: "Cyllindrical pillar that originates anterior to the acetabulum and extends to the ilial shaft." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial_corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000873 name: pars_cylindriformis_ilei def: "Elongate, cylindrical structure on the ventral side of the shaft of the ilium that extends through its entire length." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000774 ! ilial_shaft [Term] id: AAO:0000874 name: crista_ischii def: "Crest on the posterior side of the ischium, which may also extend to the posteroventral aspect of pubis." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000860 ! ischium [Term] id: AAO:0000875 name: spina_pelvis_posterior def: "Small, rounded process on the anterodorsal margin of the ischium, just posterior to the area of articulation with the ilium." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000860 ! ischium [Term] id: AAO:0000876 name: spina_pelvis_anterior def: "Small, rounded process on the anteroventral margin of the preacetabular expansion of the ilial corpus." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial_corpus [Term] id: AAO:0000877 name: intumescentia_bilateralis_inferior def: "Small protuberance on the ischium, located close to its posteroventral margin." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000860 ! ischium [Term] id: AAO:0000878 name: intumescentia_bilateralis_superior def: "Small protuberance on the ischium, located at the level of the superior margin of the acetabulum and close to its posterior margin." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000860 ! ischium [Term] id: AAO:0000879 name: incisura_terminalis def: "Small indentation on the posterior margin of the ischium, ventral to the intumescentia bilateralis superior." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000860 ! ischium [Term] id: AAO:0000880 name: crista_hypertrophica def: "Large protuberance on the dorsal aspect of the ischium that extends from the ischio-ilium articulation to the spina pelvis posterior." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000860 ! ischium [Term] id: AAO:0000881 name: lamina_terminalis def: "In those cases in which the interilial region is broadly expanded and the pubis is extremely reduced, the anterior margin of the ischium forms an expanded area." [AAO:LAP] relationship: part_of AAO:0000860 ! ischium [Term] id: AAO:0000882 name: interilial_region def: "Area of convergence of the ilial shafts. When the preacetabular ilium is narrow, the interilial configuration is V-shaped or narrowly rounded, whereas when the interilial region is broadly expanded the interilial configuration is U-shaped." [AAO:Baez_and_Trueb_1997] relationship: part_of AAO:0000772 ! ili