| IAO:0000027 | a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. |
| IAO:0000030 | an information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity |
| clinical finding | A representation of a bodily feature of a patient that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof. |
| clinical history | A series of statements representing health-relevant features of a patient and of a patient's family. |
| clinical picture | A representation of the clinically significant bodily features of a patient that is inferred from the totality of clinical findings about the given patient. |
| image finding | A representation of an image that supports an inference to an assertion about some quality of a patient. |
| laboratory finding | A representation of a quality of a specimen that is the output of a laboratory test and that can support an inference to an assertion about some quality of the patient. |
| preclinical finding | A representation of a bodily feature of a patient that is (1) recorded by a clinician because the feature is hypothesized to be of clinical significance and (2) refers to features obtaining in the patient prior to their becoming detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. |
| symptom | A bodily feature of a patient that is observed by the patient and is hypothesized by the patient to be a realization of a disease. |
| bodily feature of a patient | |
| manifestation of a disease | A bodily feature of a patient that is (a) a deviation from clinical normality that exists in virtue of the realization of a disease and (b) is observable. |
| phenotype | A (combination of) bodily feature(s) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. |
| sign | A bodily feature of a patient that is observed in a physical examination and is deemed by the clinician to be of clinical significance. |
| clinical manifestation of a disease | A manifestation of a disease that is detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. |
| preclinical manifestationof a disease | A manifestation of a disease that exists prior to the time at which it would be detected in a clinical history taking or physical examination, if the patient were to present to a clinician. A realization of a disease that exists prior to its becoming detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. |
| clinical phenotype | A clinically abnormal phenotype. |
| disease phenotype | A clinically abnormal phenotype that is characteristic of a single disease. |
| vital sign | A physical sign in which a non-zero value is standardly considered to be an indication that the organism is alive. |
| predisposition to disease of type X | A disposition in an organism that constitutes an increased risk of the organism's subsequently developing the disease X. |
| disease | A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. |
| homeostasis | |
| genetic predisposition to disease of type X | A predisposition to disease of type X whose physical basis is a constitutional abnormality in an organism's genome. This abnormality is the physical basis for the increased risk of acquiring the disease X. |
| acquired genetic disease | A disease whose physical basis is an acquired genetic disorder. |
| constitutional genetic disease | A disease whose physical basis is a constitutional genetic disorder. |
| abnormal homeostasis | Homeostasis that is clinically abnormal for an organism of a given type and age in a given environment. |
| normal homeostasis | Homeostasis of a type that is not clinically abnormal. |
| configuration | A quality which is an spatial arrangement or distribution of a(n) independent continuant(s) across a Three Dimensional Region. |
| pathological physical configuration | A configuration which deviates in some way from a canonical configuration for a particular organism. |
| disorder | A causally relatively isolated combination of physical components that is (a) clinically abnormal and (b) maximal, in the sense that it is not part of some larger such combination. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. |
| epigenetic disorder | A disorder whose etiology involves (1) a modification to the patient's genomic DNA which leads to alterations in the normal expression pattern of the genome, but is (2) not a change in the nucleotide sequence. |
| genetic disorder | A disorder whose etiology involves an abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome. |
| acquired genetic disorder | A genetic disorder acquired by a single cell in an organism that leads to a population of cells within the organism bearing the disorder. |
| constitutional genetic disorder | A genetic disorder inherited during conception that is borne by all cells in the organism. |
| clinical history taking | An interview in which a clinician elicits a clinical history from a patient or from a third party who is reporting on behalf of the patient. |
| laboratory test | A measurement assay that has as input a patient-derived specimen, and as output a result that represents a quality of the specimen. |
| physical examination | A sequence of acts of observing and measuring bodily features of a patient performed by a clinician; measurements may occur with and without elicitation. |
| etiological process | A process in an organism that leads to a subsequent disorder. |
| bodily process | |
| pathological bodily process | A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. |
| disease course | The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized. |
| chronic disease course | A disease course that (a) does not terminate in a return to normal homeostasis and (b) would, absent intervention, fall within abnormal homeostatic range. |
| progressive disease course | A disease course that (a) does not terminate in a return to normal homeostasis and (b) would, absent intervention, involve an increasing deviation from homeostasis. |
| transient disease course | A disease course that terminates in a return to normal homeostasis. |
| _undefined primitive term | |
| clinically abnormal | |
| physical basis | |
| realization | |
| diagnosis | The representation of a conclusion of an interpretive process that has as input a clinical picture of a given patient and as output an assertion (diagnostic statement) to the effect that the patient has a disease of such and such a type. |
| normal value | A value for a quality reported in a lab report and asserted by the testing lab or the kit manufacturer to be normal based on a statistical treatment of values from a reference population. |
| pathological formation | TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. |
| pathological anatomical structure | An anatomical structure (FMA) is pathological whenever (1) it has come into being as a result of changes in some pre-existing canonical anatomical structure, (2) through processes other than the expression of the normal complement of genes of an organism of the given type, and (3) is predisposed to have health-related consequences for the organism in question manifested by symptoms and signs. |
| portion of pathological body substance | TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. |
| pathological transformation | A pathological bodily process in which a canonical anatomical structure becomes a pathological anatomical structure. |
| pathological derivation | A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier. |
| pathological invasion | TODO: Define. |
| physical examination finding | TODO: Define. |
| organism population | An aggregate of organisms of the same type. |
| pain | TODO: Define. |
| syndrome | A clinical picture that is an association of symptoms, signs and other clinical findings that collectively indicate or characterize a disease or disorder. |
| bfo:Entity | |
| snap:Disposition | |
| snap:FiatObjectPart | |
| snap:GenericallyDependentContinuant | |
| snap:MaterialEntity | |
| snap:ObjectAggregate | |
| snap:Quality | |
| span:FiatProcessPart | |
| span:Process | |
| span:ProcessAggregate |